AP Chemistry : AP Chemistry

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Chemistry

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Help With Covalent Bonds

Which compound has both ionic and covalent bonds?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

In , the nitrogen is bound covalently to the three oxygens, and the complex has an overall of .

Sodium has a charge of , and is ionically bound to the  complex.

When put into water, the compound will dissociate into  and .

HCl is an ionic compound, while the other answer choices have only covalent bonds.

Example Question #21 : Elemental Composition Of Pure Substances

Which of the following compounds breaks the octet rule?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The octet rule requires that each atom in the molecule has eight valence electrons, fully filling the s and p subshells. Atoms that have a full octet tend to be more stable and lower in energy.

In the compound , each fluorine has seven initial valence electrons and boron has three initial valence electrons. Upon forming the compound bonds, boron shares its three electrons with each fluorine through covalent bonds. This givens each fluorine a full octet, but leave boron with only three covalent bonds, resulting in only six valence electrons. Boron does not satisfy the octet rule in this compound.

Each atom in the other listed compounds forms bonds to generate a full octet. Sodium chloride achieves this through an ionic bond. Methanal and diatomic oxygen both use double bonds to help achieve octets.

Example Question #22 : Elemental Composition Of Pure Substances

The molecular formula of a compound __________.

Possible Answers:

is impossible to determine

is usually a multiple of the empirical formula

is constant regardless of the compound

is not related to the empirical formula

Correct answer:

is usually a multiple of the empirical formula

Explanation:

The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest whole number ratio of the elements in the compound, whereas the molecular formula gives the exact number of atoms of each element in the compound—this is usually a multiple of the empirical formula. If the empirical formula of a compound is CH, a common molecular formula is C6H6 (benzene).

Example Question #23 : Elemental Composition Of Pure Substances

What is the molecular formula for Cobalt (II) Nitrate?

Possible Answers:

Co(NO_2)_2

CoNO_2

CoNO_3

Co(NO_3)_2

Co_2NO_3

Correct answer:

Co(NO_3)_2

Explanation:

Cobalt (II) is Cobalt in its second oxidation state, Co^{2+}, and the chemical formula for Nitrate is NO_3^{-}. The neutral salt is Co(NO_3)_2.

Example Question #24 : Elemental Composition Of Pure Substances

What is the molecular formula for ferrous sulfide?

Possible Answers:

FeSO_4

FeS_2

FeS

Fe_2S

Fe(SO_4)_2

Correct answer:

FeS

Explanation:

Ferrous is the name for Iron (II), or Fe^{2+}. Sulfide is the anion of sulfur, S^{-2}. The chemical formula for ferrous sulfide is FeS.

Example Question #761 : Ap Chemistry

The periodic table of elements is organized in order of atomic number, whic describes how many protons are found in the atom's nucleus. The position of the element in the periodic table can also yield insight into how that atom will respond to other atoms and how it will participate in a chemical reaction.

Which of the following chemical compounds shows the correct composition of sodium and oxygen?

Possible Answers:

Na2O

Na3O

Na2O3

NaO2

NaO

Correct answer:

Na2O

Explanation:

Remember that sodium wants to lose only one electron in order to achieve a stable octet. Meanwhile, oxygen needs to gain 2 electrons in order to achieve a stable octet. As a result, the expected compound involves two sodium atoms, each giving up one electron in order to fill oxygen's octet.

Example Question #1 : Compounds And Bonding

Which answer choice shows the correct chemical formula for barium sulfate?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

We should first remember the difference between sulfate, sulfite, and sulfide. Sulfate is , sulfite is ` and sulfide is .

The only answer choices that could be right must have  in them. We then need to see that barium usually has a charge of , as the periodic table shows us, and so we need a charge of  to cancel that out. The answer is .

Example Question #762 : Ap Chemistry

What is the IUPAC name for CH_3CH_2CH_2OH?

Possible Answers:

Propenol

Propanol

Ethanol

Propane

Propene

Correct answer:

Propanol

Explanation:

CH_3CH_2CH_2OH is a saturated hydrocarbon with an organic functional group, -OH, or alcohol.

CH_3CH_2CH_3 is propane, so we will remove the "e" from the end of that name and add the suffix "ol" to denotate an alcohol, so the correct answer is propanol.

Propenol is propanol with a double bond in the hydrocarbon chain. Ethanol is a saturated two-carbon chain with an alcohol functional group.

 

Example Question #24 : Elemental Composition Of Pure Substances

Name the following compound: .

Possible Answers:

Nitrogen(IV) tetraoxide

Nitride oxide

Dinitrogen quadoxide

Dinitrogen tetraoxide

Correct answer:

Dinitrogen tetraoxide

Explanation:

Covalent non-metal/non-metal compounds are named by taking the name of each element and appending the apropriate greek prefix to indicate the number of each atom present—in this case, di- for two and tetra- for four. The end of the more electronegative element is substituted with "ide". This gives the name of dinitrogen tetraoxide.

Example Question #86 : Atomic Structure And Properties

What is the systematic name for ?

Possible Answers:

Cesium (I) sulfate

Cesium sulfur tetraoxide

Cesium sulfate

Cesium sulfite

Correct answer:

Cesium sulfate

Explanation:

Ionic compounds are named by naming the cation followed by the anion. Since the cation, cesium, is an alkali metal the oxidation state, should not be specified. Alkali metals will always have an oxidation state of 1. The anion, , is sulfate. Together, the full name of the compound is cesium sulfate.

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