AP Chemistry : AP Chemistry

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Chemistry

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Example Questions

Example Question #27 : Elemental Composition Of Pure Substances

Name the following compound: 

Possible Answers:

Zinc chlorate

Zinc chloride

Zinc dichlorate

Zinc chloride tetroxide 

Zinc perchlorate

Correct answer:

Zinc perchlorate

Explanation:

The compound's name is zinc perchlorate. With the addition of a fourth oxygen atom to the molecule, chlorate , we follow the polyatomic ion naming rules and add a per- to the molecule's name, giving us perchlorate. When bonded ionically to a zinc cation , the resulting ionic compound is called zinc perchlorate.

Example Question #31 : Elemental Composition Of Pure Substances

What is the formula of hydroiodic acid?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

 is the correct formula because, following IUPAC acid naming rules, when combining a hydrogen cation with an anion that consists of only one element (in this case iodide), one drops the -ide ending, adds an -ic ending and adds a hydro- prefix. Other examples would be hydrochloric acid  and hydrofluoric acid .

Example Question #771 : Ap Chemistry

A student named a certain organic molecule 2-(1-methylbutyl)-3-isopropylbutane. While this name may give the possibility of correctly drawing the molecule, it does not follow correct IUPAC naming guidelines. What is the correct name of this molecule?

Possible Answers:

2-pentyl-3-propylbutane

3,4-dimethyl-2-isopropylheptane

2-(2-pentyl)-3-isopropylbutane

3-(2-pentyl)-2-isopropylbutane

2,3,4,5-tetramethyloctane

Correct answer:

2,3,4,5-tetramethyloctane

Explanation:

While the student's description of the location and size of the sidechains is correct, he/she failed to recognize the longest parent chain, it being the eight-carbon string which encompasses what he/she named isopropyl- and pentyl-. The resulting octane molecule has four methyl- substituents at the 2, 3, 4, and 5 positions. 

Example Question #33 : Elemental Composition Of Pure Substances

Which of the molecules above does not match its molecular formula?

Possible Answers:

Isobutane

Decane

Pentane

Nonane

Butane

Correct answer:

Butane

Explanation:

While it is tempting to think that butane and isobutane, because of their structural differences would have different numbers of of hydrogens, they are in fact constitutional isomers, and have the same molecular formula. Both butane and isobutane have four carbons and ten hydrogens, although butane's carbons and hydrogen's are arranged

 and isobutane's are arranged 

A good rule of thumb for the formulas of simple hydrocarbons is:

Example Question #772 : Ap Chemistry

Which of the following is a correct name for the compound, ?

I: Potassium bicarbonate

II: Potassium percabonate

III: Potassium hydrogen carbonate

Possible Answers:

III only

I only

I and III

II only

II and III

Correct answer:

I and III

Explanation:

Because the ion,  , is correctly referred to as both bicarbonate and hydrogen carbonate, the correct names for the compound in question are both potassium bicarbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate.

Example Question #35 : Elemental Composition Of Pure Substances

Which of these is not the IUPAC name for the indicated molecule?

Possible Answers:

Acetic acid; 

Carbonous acid; 

Hydrofluoric acid; 

Perchlorous acid; 

Sulfuric acid; 

Correct answer:

Perchlorous acid; 

Explanation:

Because the polyatomic ion from which the acid, , is derived is perchlorate, , the resulting acid is named perchloric acid. The naming protocol is to use the -ic suffix for acids derived from polyatomic ions ending in -ate, while using the -ous suffix for acids derived from polyatomic ions ending in -ite.

Example Question #773 : Ap Chemistry

What is the name of the compound with the chemical formula ?

Possible Answers:

Dinitrogen monoxide

Hyponitrite

Nitrite

Nitrate

Pernitrate

Correct answer:

Dinitrogen monoxide

Explanation:

All of the incorrect options have prefixes or suffixes associated with polyatomic ions "hypo," "per," "ite," and "ate". Since  is not an ion (it does not have a charge), it must just be a covalent compound. Therefore, use the prefixes reserved for covalent compounds to name it.

Example Question #774 : Ap Chemistry

What is the name of the compound with the chemical formula: ?

Possible Answers:

Iron monoxide

Iron (II) oxide

Iron (I) oxide

Iron oxide

Iron (III) oxide

Correct answer:

Iron (II) oxide

Explanation:

The name of this compound is iron (II) oxide. First, notice how the chemical formula  contains one metal and one nonmetal, so we know that we are not going to be using prefixes such as "mono" because those are used for covalent compounds. Secondly, notice that iron is a transition metal, which means that we have to specify the charge it has, in roman numerals. Iron must have a positive two charge to balance out the negative two charge oxygen will have.

Example Question #775 : Ap Chemistry

Name of the following compound: 

Possible Answers:

Magnesium(II) aresenate

Magnesium(II) perarsenate

Magnesium arsenate

Magnesium perarsenate

Magnesium arsenite

Correct answer:

Magnesium arsenate

Explanation:

This is an ionic compound, we know that because we see a metal bound to a nonmetal. To name ionic compounds, first write the name of the metal, or cation: magnesium. Next, we have the polyatomic ion arsenate . Thus our answer is: magnesium arsenate. Since magnesium is not a transition metal, we do not need to indicate its charge with Roman numerals. If arsenate was part of a series of oxyanions (anions that contain oxygen), we use the prefix "per" to indicate more oxygens, however this is not the case.

Example Question #776 : Ap Chemistry

What is the name of the following compound?

Possible Answers:

Iron trihydroxide

Iron (II) hydroxide

Ferrous hydroxide

Iron (III) hydroxide

Correct answer:

Iron (III) hydroxide

Explanation:

To name this compound, it's important to first notice what the formal charge would be on each of the constituent ions. We know that the formal charge of a hydroxide ion is . Since there are three of these, and because we know the compound is neutral, the iron constituent must have a charge of . Therefore, this compound is correctly called iron (III) hydroxide.

It's also important to note that there are alternate names for iron (II) and iron (III). Iron (II) is sometimes referred to as "ferrous" while iron (III) is sometimes referred to as "ferric." An easy way to remember this is to note that "ferrous" has an "O" in it and so does the word "lower" (lower as in the lower charge of the +2 iron). Moreover, the term "ferric" has an "I" in it and so does the word "higher" (higher as in the higher charge of +3 iron).

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