AP Biology : Understanding Amino Acids
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Example Questions
Example Question #11 : Understanding Amino Acids
Point mutations can have different effects on translation. When a point mutation changes a codon, but it does not change which amino acid is inserted into a protein, it is referred to as a __________ mutation.
silent
missense
neutral
virulent
nonsense
silent
The effects of point mutations vary by type. For example, leucine has 6 different codons. If the codon UUA is changed to UUG, the resulting amino acid inserted into the protein is not changed; it is still leucine. This is referred to as a silent mutation.
Example Question #12 : Understanding Amino Acids
There are 3 types of RNA. Which type is is responsible for binding to amino acids and bringing them to the ribosome during translation?
rRNA
siRNA
miRNA
mRNA
tRNA
tRNA
tRNA, or transfer RNA, is responsible for binding amino acids and delivering them to the ribosome during translation. tRNA binds amino acids with its anticodon. The anticodon is a sequence of 3 nucleotides that are complimentary to the codon of a specific amino acid. Anticodons can only bind to codons that are complementary in sequence; this ensures that the correct amino acids are chosen.
Example Question #13 : Understanding Amino Acids
What type of chemical bonds are involved when codons bond to anticodons in translation?
Disulfide bonds
Ionic bonds
Amide linkages
Phosphodiester bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds
The bonding of a codon to its anticodon is accomplished through the use of hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds; therefore, amino acids are easily dissociated from their corresponding transfer RNA once delivered to the ribosome for translation. Hydrogen bonds are also responsible for connecting the bases of complementary strands of DNA which results in its double helix.
Example Question #42 : Proteins
Proteins are polymers of __________.
glucose
nucleotides
amino acids
fatty acids
amino acids
Proteins are polymers of amino acids, which have an amino group, carboxyl group, and a side chain known as an R-group. Nucleotides make up DNA and RNA. Glucose is a carbohydrate monomer and make up starches, cellulose, and glycogen. Fatty acids are components of lipids.
Example Question #43 : Proteins
What is the one element that proteins have that carbohydrates and lipids do not have?
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Amino acids, which make up proteins, have an amino group, which contains nitrogen. Carbohydrates and lipids contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but they do not contain nitrogen.
Example Question #44 : Proteins
Which of the following is not one of the four basic components of an amino acid?
Nitrogenous base
Side chain
Acidic carboxyl group
Hydrogen atom
Basic amino group
Nitrogenous base
A nitrogenous base is a part of the DNA/RNA structure. They include adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and/or uracil. All other answer choices are parts of amino acids.
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