Larger arteries have less smooth muscle per volume when compared to smaller arteries (also called arterioles). What would you expect as a result of this distinction?

The Bundle of His, part of the intrinsic conduction system, is best described as:

Which of the following vessels transports blood from the lungs to the heart?

Which of the following vessels would be expected to have the lowest blood pressure in the human systemic circulation?

The heart pumps blood throughout the human body; however, it must pump at the right time and with the right amount of force. When the heart is not pumping efficiently and in a timely manner, the flow of blood becomes disrupted. One can think of the heart as the only traffic light in a busy intersection. When working properly, traffic flows smoothly. When is it not working properly, traffic becomes congested. Likewise, when the heart is weak, the blood leaving the heart towards the systemic circulation (e.g. brain, organs) becomes disrupted. The blood entering the heart from the lungs also gets congested because the heart is not able to pump fast enough and strong enough to get the blood in and out at the proper pace.

One of the most common causes of death for a patient with a weak heart is from pulmonary edema. Which of the following choices best explains how pulmonary edema may result from heart failure?

The migration of cells is necessary for proper development during fetal life. At around the third week of fetal development, hematopoietic stem cells can be found in the yolk sac as well as in the mesoderm of the aorta, the gonads and in the mesonephros. At around the 3^rd month, these stem cells migrate to the liver with some to the spleen and the lymph node. At around the 4^thmonth, these cells then migrate to the bone marrow.

When taking a cross section of a bone, one will notice that some bone marrows are red while others are fat. Yellow bone marrows are inactive stem cells with the majority being fat cells. Active bone marrows are red. At birth, all of the bone marrows are red. At around the time of puberty, most are red but the amount decreases to 50% at around 18-25 years of age. Despite the change in bone marrow activity, membranous bones and of the arms of and legs remain active throughout life. However, the activity can be changed during pathological conditions.

Extrameduallary hematopoiesis is when hematopoiesis occurs in other places than in the bone marrow. Which of the following scenario(s) may present as extrameduallry hematophiesis? 

I. Premature birth

II. Post-mature birth 

III. Severe hemorrhagic 

The migration of cells is necessary for proper development of circulating cells during fetal life. At around the third week of fetal development, hematopoietic stem cells can be found in the yolk sac as well as in the mesoderm of the aorta, the gonads and in the mesonephros. At around the 3^rd month, these stem cells migrate to the liver with some to the spleen and the lymph node. At around the 4^thmonth, these cells then migrate to the bone marrow.

When taking a cross section of a bone, one will notice that some bone marrows are red while others are fat. Yellow bone marrows are inactive stem cells with the majority being fat cells. Active bone marrows are red. At birth, all of the bone marrows are red. At around the time of puberty, most are red but the amount decreases to 50% at around 18-25 years of age. Despite the change in bone marrow activity, membranous bones and of the arms of and legs remain active throughout life. However, the activity can be changed during pathological conditions.  

Hematopoietic stem cells allow for the development of which of the follow cells? 

I. White blood cells

II. Red blood cells

III. Platelets 

The migration of cells is necessary for proper development during fetal life. At around the third week of fetal development, hematopoietic stem cells can be found in the yolk sac as well as in the mesoderm of the aorta, the gonads and in the mesonephros. At around the 3^rd month, these stem cells migrate to the liver with some to the spleen and the lymph node. At around the 4^thmonth, these cells then migrate to the bone marrow.

When taking a cross section of a bone, one will notice that some bone marrows are red while others are fat. Yellow bone marrows are inactive stem cells with the majority being fat cells. Active bone marrows are red. At birth, all of the bone marrows are red. At around the time of puberty, most are red but the amount decreases to 50% at around 18-25 years of age. Despite the change in bone marrow activity, membranous bones and of the arms of and legs remain active throughout life. However, the activity can be changed during pathological conditions.  

Which of the following organ(s) will contain red bone marrow after 25 years old? 

The migration of cells is necessary for proper development during fetal life. At around the third week of fetal development, hematopoietic stem cells can be found in the yolk sac as well as in the mesoderm of the aorta, the gonads and in the mesonephros. At around the 3^rd month, these stem cells migrate to the liver with some to the spleen and the lymph node. At around the 4^thmonth, these cells then migrate to the bone marrow.

When taking a cross section of a bone, one will notice that some bone marrows are red while others are fat. Yellow bone marrows are inactive stem cells with the majority being fat cells. Active bone marrows are red. At birth, all of the bone marrows are red. At around the time of puberty, most are red but the amount decreases to 50% at around 18-25 years of age. Despite the change in bone marrow activity, membranous bones and of the arms of and legs remain active throughout life. However, the activity can be changed during pathological conditions. 

What might be an unintended consequence of excess stimulation of hematopoietic stem cells? 

Which heart chamber would you expect to have the thickest myocardial wall?