The Calvin Cycle, or light independent reaction, does not utilize sunlight as an input. During the light independent reaction, or the Calvin Cycle, carbon fixation first occurs. CO2 produced during the light dependent reaction reacts with RuBP, ultimately producing PGA. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme Rubisco. Then, PGA is converted to G3P, using ATP and NADPH produced during the light dependent reaction to allow this reaction to occur. The G3P is ultimately converted to glucose. Every 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction), 6 molecules of G3P are produced; only 1 is used to produce glucose. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P are used to regenerate RuBP to allow the Calvin Cycle to continue.

Every 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction), 6 molecules of G3P are produced; only 1 is used to produce glucose. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P are used to regenerate RuBP to allow the Calvin Cycle to continue.

Photosynthesis begins with energy from light being converted to chemical energy. The only answer explanation accurately explaining this process describes the conversion of light energy (photons) to chemical energy (excited electrons).

During the light reactions water is split and the by-product is oxygen. Oxygen is then released back into the atmosphere. Sugars are produced during the Calvin cycle and are not a direct product of the light reactions.

The light reactions are the steps of the photosynthesis that function to convert solar energy into chemical energy that can be used during the Calvin cycle. The light reactions use solar energy to reduce   to  and to convert  to .  

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes inside of chloroplasts in plant cells. Photosynthesis depends on the buildup of a proton gradient across a membrane to generate ATP. The thylakoid is an organelle present only in plants. The phospholipid bilayer and cell wall surround plant cells, and are not involved in photosynthesis.

The molecule is reduced because when a molecule gains an electron, it is said to be reduced. The answer oxidized would have been chosen if the molecule lost an electron. Plasmolysis has nothing to do with the gain or loss of an electron, and the term redoxed does not fit into this question. Hydrolysis is when a bond is broken using water, so that is incorrect as well.

The light dependent reaction converts solar energy to chemical energy, using the photosystem to capture light energy, and ultimately produce ATP and NADPH. Pigment molecules in the photosystem absorb photons of light, which then reach the chlorophyll, exciting electrons in the chlorophyll. The excited electron then is transferred to a primary electron acceptor of the electron transport chain (and is replaced by the splitting of water (to produce O2, H+ and e-)).

The ATP synthase protein is embedded in the thylakoid membrane. When sunlight is captured by photosystem II in the light dependent reaction, water is split, producing O2 and 2 H+ ions and 2 electrons. As the electrons flow down the electron transport chain, this energy is used to pump hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid space, producing a high concentration of hydrogen ions inside the thylakoid lumen. Eventually, the hydrogen ions then flow from the area of high concentration (in the thylakoid lumen) to an area of low concentration (in the stroma ), through the ATP synthase protein. The movement of the hydrogen ions through this structure combines ADP with phosphate, producing ATP.

Carbon fixation, catalyzed by Rubisco, occurs during the first step of the light independent reaction.