In Greek mythology Prometheus is a tragic figure. He introduces fire to mankind and in doing so greatly improves the standard of living. But, this was apparently not part of Zeus’ plan and Zeus condemned Prometheus to eternal torture.

Socrates was infamously put to death on charges of "Corrupting the Youth of Athens", and his intellectual successor Plato lived and taught there as well, so Athens would be the best choice. Sparta was not known for its philosophy or intellectual life and Socrates did not live there, so it would not be a good answer. Argos was a city-state at the time of Socrates, however he had no ties there, so it too would not be a good choice. Corinth, too, was a city-state that existed in that period but had no ties to Socrates, so it too would not be a good answer. Finally, Macedon was a more traditional kingdom in the mainland of Greece, so as it was not a city-state at all, it would not be a good choice.

The Republic is one of Plato's better known works, and in it he posits the ideal form of government and famously explores the idea of the philosopher king, so that would be the best choice. Democracy and Theology do not refer to any one work, but rather to entire systems of government, and as such they would not be good choices. Finally, Gorgias is a Socratic dialogue, and while it was recorded by Plato it was not his work directly, nor did it discuss social organization, so it would not be a good answer.

Plato’s Republic was written in the fourth century BCE. It is one of the most important philosophical works of all time and remains widely influential today. The Republic is written in the style of a Socratic dialogue. It focuses on questions of justice in Greek society and how to most justly govern a society.

The Greek Goddess Demeter was believed to have introduced agriculture to the Greek people. She was revered as the Goddess of fertility and the harvest, and was the subject of cult-like worship in many ancient Greek societies.

Alexander III - or Alexander the Great - was personally tutored by Aristotle before he ascended the throne and went on to conquer the Persian empire, so he would be the best choice. Philip II was Alexander's father and he hired Aristotle, although he was not tutored himself, so he would not be a good choice. Leonidas of Sparta did not have any particular ties to Aristotle nor did he conquer the Persians, so he would not be a good answer. Julius Caesar was Roman and lived many centuries after Aristotle, so he too would not be a good answer. Lastly, Emperor Xerxes ruled the Persian empire and did not conquer it, so he would not be a good choice either.

Alexander III - also known as Alexander the Great - unified mainland Greece and then used it as a jumping-off point to conquer the known world, so he would be the best choice. Philip II never conquered the Persian empire, so he would not be a good choice. Bother Darius III and Xerxes were Persian emperors themselves, and so did not conquer their own empire, so neither of them would be good answers.

Philip II took the throne in Macedon in the mid-fourth century BCE, in the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War (which had greatly weakened the power of the Greek city-states). Philip II made a series of reforms of Macedonian society and greatly strengthened the military. His conquests and defeat of nearby rivals paved the way for the rapid expansion of Macedon under his brilliant young son, Alexander the Great.

Gytheon was a port town used by Sparta to access the Mediterranean. Notably, Gytheon was very hard to invade by sea because of the dangerous conditions in and around that area. As a result, Spartans never became adept sailors or merchants, and instead focused on developing their land-based military.