False beards were often worn by some Pharaohs to emphasize their divinity. The Gods, such as Osiris, were often depicted with a long, false beard, and so the Pharaohs of the Middle and New Kingdom began to wear false beards themselves. This might be understood as part of how ancient Egyptian rulers used images and iconography to cement their authority and reinforce their association with the Gods.

Ma'at, the central truth or justice of the Ancient Egyptian religion, was personified as a goddess whose main activity was to weigh the souls of the dead. In some earlier references she is figured as the deity who put the events of the universe into their initial order.

Nepr and Nepit were the god and goddess of grain. Osiris was the god of death and resurrection, and Anhur was the god of hunting.

In the ancient Egyptian pantheon of God, Isis was the Goddess of fertility and motherhood. She was one of the most widely worshipped deities in ancient Egypt and worship of her spread throughout the later Greco-Roman world (particularly in certain parts of the Roman Empire). Isis was thought to be the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus.

In the ancient Egyptian pantheon, Osiris was the God of death and the afterlife. The Egyptians, who were extremely concerned with the afterlife and the nature of existence, revered Osiris as one of their most beloved and heroic Gods. Osiris was thought to be the wife of Isis, the father of Horus, and the brother of Seth.

The Duat was the ancient Egyptian underworld. The ancient Egyptians believed in an eternal afterlife that was functionally identical to life on Earth. They were fairly obsessed with death and the idea of eternal life and many of their religious ceremonies were centered around ensuring a successful journey to the underworld.

Anubis was the god associated with death, mummification, and the afterlife, and he was originally depicted as the lord of the underworld; however, he was eventually replaced by Osiris, who is often called the god of death and the afterlife, but is more accurately described as the god of transition, regeneration, and resurrection. (These themes are very importantly featured in the myths about Osiris.) Since the ancient Egyptians viewed death as a transition rather than an ending, Osiris was particularly suited to fulfilling that role.

The Wadi Hammamat was a dry, river-bed that was frequently mined throughout ancient Egyptian history for raw minerals. It was, however, not always dry and when possible it was used by ships to sail from the Nile River to the Red Sea. This made it important at various times in ancient Egyptian history as a connection between Egypt and the trade routes of the Asiatic world.

The Satire of the Trades was written during the Middle Kingdom period. Its primary purpose was to teach scribes to venerate their own profession above all others. This is achieved by describing all the various failings and frailties of other professions in ancient Egyptian society.

The Pyramid Texts (Old Kingdom), Coffin Texts (Middle Kingdom), and the Egyptian Book of the Dead (New Kingdom) were all important aspects of Egyptian funerary literature. The Egyptians believed that the afterlife was incredibly complex and dangerous, and that any individual who died with an insufficient understanding of the underworld would not be able to proceed to heaven. The Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, and the Book of the Dead were all designed to educate Egyptians about the afterlife and provide protection on their journey through the underworld.