Algebra 1 : Statistics and Probability

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Algebra 1

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Example Questions

Example Question #13 : Median

The median is often useful to find for data sets where outliers distort the mean and make analysis difficult.

Find the median of the data set:

 

\(\displaystyle 27, 2, 18, 9, 6, 7, 7, 37, 21, 16, 18, 0, 5\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 37\)

\(\displaystyle 12.5\)

\(\displaystyle 13.3\)

\(\displaystyle 9\)

\(\displaystyle 7\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 9\)

Explanation:

To find the median, the first step is always to order the data set from least to greatest, as terms like median and range always refer to the ordered set:

 

\(\displaystyle 27, 2, 18, 9, 6, 7, 7, 37, 21, 16, 18, 0, 5\rightarrow\) \(\displaystyle 0, 2, 5, 6, 7, 7, 9, 16, 18, 18, 21, 27, 37\)

 

To find the middle number, take the total \(\displaystyle n\) or number of values (not the values themselves), add 1, then divide by 2 to find the place of the median value. Since there are 13 numbers in this data set, \(\displaystyle n\) is 13:

 

\(\displaystyle \frac{n+1}{2} = \frac{13+1}{2} = 7\)

Thus, our 7th number, or 9, is the median.

Example Question #11 : Median

The median is often useful to find for data sets where outliers distort the mean and make analysis difficult.

What is the median of the data set?

\(\displaystyle 11, 23, 129, 15, 22, 7, 24, 18, 19, 10\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 19\)

None of these

\(\displaystyle 15.5\)

\(\displaystyle 119\)

\(\displaystyle 18.5\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 18.5\)

Explanation:

To find the median, the first step is always to order the data set from least to greatest, as terms like median and range always refer to the ordered set:

\(\displaystyle 11, 23, 129, 15, 22, 7, 24, 18, 19, 10\rightarrow\)  \(\displaystyle 7, 10, 11, 15, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 129\)

The median value is found by adding 1 to our \(\displaystyle n\), then dividing by 2 to find the place for our median:

\(\displaystyle \frac{n+1}{2} = \frac{10+1}{2} = 5.5\)

Thus, halfway between our 5th and 6th value lies the median. These values are 18 and 19, so:

\(\displaystyle \frac{18+19}{2} = 18.5\)

Thus, 18.5 is our median.

Example Question #311 : Basic Arithmetic

\(\displaystyle \small 10, 23, 4, 10, 22, 3, 5\)

Using the data above, find the median. 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \small 22\)

\(\displaystyle \small 23\)

\(\displaystyle \small 10\)

\(\displaystyle \small 20\)

\(\displaystyle \small 15\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \small 10\)

Explanation:

The median is defined as the piece of data that is directly at the center of the data set given.

To find the median, the data first must be placed in numerical order: 

\(\displaystyle \small 3, 4, 5, 10, 10, 22, 23\).

Since there is and odd number of data pieces, \(\displaystyle \small 7\), we simply subtract \(\displaystyle \small 1\), and divide the result in half. In this case, \(\displaystyle \small 7- 1 = 6\), half of \(\displaystyle \small 6\) is \(\displaystyle \small 3\). Therefore, there must be \(\displaystyle 3\) pieces of data on either side of the number that is the median. The only number in this set of data that, if chosen, has three data pieces on either side is \(\displaystyle \small 10.\) To the left of \(\displaystyle \small 10\) is \(\displaystyle \small 3,4,5\). To the right of \(\displaystyle \small 10\) is \(\displaystyle \small 10, 22, 23\). Thus \(\displaystyle \small 10\) is our median. 

\(\displaystyle \small 3, 4, 5, {\color{Red} 10}, 10, 22, 23\)

Example Question #311 : Basic Arithmetic

\(\displaystyle \small 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , 100\)

Using the data above, find the median. 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \small 4\)

\(\displaystyle \small 7\)

\(\displaystyle \small 10\)

\(\displaystyle \small 6\)

\(\displaystyle \small 5\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \small 6\)

Explanation:

The median is defined as the center data value of the data set. This data set is already set in numerical order: 

\(\displaystyle \small 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , 100\).

Since there is an odd number of data values, \(\displaystyle \small 11\), we subtract one, \(\displaystyle \small 11-1=10\), and then divide ten in half, \(\displaystyle \small 5\). This means that there must be five data values on either side of the median. To satisfy this requirement, the median must be at the sixth spot.

Thus for this data set: 

\(\displaystyle \small 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, \textbf{6}, 7, 8, 9, 10 , 100\), the median is \(\displaystyle \small 6\)

Example Question #312 : Basic Arithmetic

\(\displaystyle \small \small 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\)

Using the data above, find the median. 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \small 4\)

\(\displaystyle 10\)

\(\displaystyle \small 3\) and \(\displaystyle \small 4\)

\(\displaystyle \small 3. 5\)

\(\displaystyle 7\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \small 3. 5\)

Explanation:

To find the median of a data set, we must find the center of the data. If the data set has an odd number of data values, simply subtract one, and then divide in half. Your result will be the amount of values that lie on each side of the median.

However, when there is an even amount of data values, there is no definite center of the data set. The most commonly used method of finding the median given an even amount of data values is to simply cross off data values on either ends of the set until we are left with two numbers in the center:

 \(\displaystyle \small \small \small 2, 2, \textbf{3,4}, 5, 6\). In this set \(\displaystyle \small 3\) and \(\displaystyle \small 4\) are the center numbers.

Now we can find the average of these two values: 

\(\displaystyle \small 3 + 4 = 7, 7\div2 = 3. 5.\) 

Thus, our true center of the data set lies between the numbers \(\displaystyle \small 3\) and \(\displaystyle \small 4\)\(\displaystyle \small 3.5\)

Example Question #51 : How To Find Median

\(\displaystyle \\\textup{Of the following set of numbers } S={5,15,20,10,7,x}\textup{, we know that the median is 9.}\\\textup{Find } x.\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 8\)

\(\displaystyle 8.5\)

\(\displaystyle \textup{None of the above.}\)

\(\displaystyle \textup{It cannot be determined.}\)

\(\displaystyle 9\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 8\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle \textup{Since there are six elements in the set, an even number,}\\\textup{the median is the average between the third and the fourth}\\\textup{ number after the set has been ordered by increasing values.}\\\textup{Since we know that the median is 9, 10 must be the fourth}\\\textup{ number and 8 must be the third.}\)

Example Question #313 : Basic Arithmetic

\(\displaystyle \small 23, 42, 53, 22, 55, 12, 56\)

Using the data provided, find the median. 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \small 22\)

\(\displaystyle \small 53\)

\(\displaystyle \small 42\)

\(\displaystyle \small 56\)

\(\displaystyle \small 22\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \small 42\)

Explanation:

The median is defined as the center number of the data. To find this value, the first step is to place the numbers in numerical order. 

\(\displaystyle \small 12, 22, 23, 42, 53, 55, 56\).

Since there are 7 pieces of data, and odd number, we can subtract one, and then divide the answer in half. 

\(\displaystyle \small 7- 1 = 6 , 6 \div2 = 3.\) 

This means that the median has to have 3 data values on either side of it.

\(\displaystyle \small 12, 22, 23, {\color{Red} 42}, 53, 55, 56\)

To satisfy this requirement, our median must be \(\displaystyle \small 42.\)

Example Question #314 : Basic Arithmetic

\(\displaystyle \small 6,6,9,10,15,16,20,30,48\)

Using the data provided, find the median. 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \small 15\)

\(\displaystyle \small 14\)

\(\displaystyle \small 16\)

\(\displaystyle \small 30\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \small 15\)

Explanation:

To find the median, we first must put the numbers in numerical order: 

\(\displaystyle \small 6,6,9,10,15,16,20,30,48.\) 

Since there are 9 pieces of data, we subtract one and then divide in half. 

\(\displaystyle \small 9-1 = 8 \div2 = 4\).

This means that there must be 4 pieces of data on either side of the number that is the median.

To satisfy this requirement, \(\displaystyle \small 15\) must be the median. 

Example Question #315 : Basic Arithmetic

\(\displaystyle \small 9,3,1,2,2,1,3\)

Using the data above, find the median. 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \small 2\)

\(\displaystyle \small 9\)

\(\displaystyle \small 1\)

\(\displaystyle \small 3\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \small 2\)

Explanation:

The median is the numer that, when put in numerical order, appears in the direct center of the group.

To find this value, we must first put the numbers in numerical order: 

\(\displaystyle \small 1,1,2,2,3,3,9\).

In this set of data we have seven pieces of data, we subtract one, then divide the result in half, 

\(\displaystyle \small 7-1=6\div2 = 3\).

This means that there must be three numbers on either side of the median.

To satisfy this requirement, our median must be \(\displaystyle \small 2\)

Example Question #52 : How To Find Median

\(\displaystyle \small 12, 32, 34, 21\)

Find the median in the data set above. 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \small \frac{53}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle \small \frac{53}{1}\)

\(\displaystyle \small 43\)

\(\displaystyle \small \frac{51}{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \small \frac{53}{2}\)

Explanation:

Given the data set: \(\displaystyle \small 12, 32, 34, 21\) we are asked to find the median.

The first step, is to put the numbers in numerical order: 

\(\displaystyle \small 12,21,32,34\).

Since there are four pieces of data, we cross off numbers bilaterally, simultaneously, leaving us with the two center numbers, \(\displaystyle \small 21\) and \(\displaystyle \small 32\).

Now we add these two numbers and divde in half to find our true median. 

\(\displaystyle \small 21+32 = 53\div2 = \frac{53}{2}\)

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