ACT English : Correcting Grammatical Errors

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for ACT English

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Example Questions

Example Question #901 : Act English

Maybe your thinking of getting a dog; but you are not sure how it will affect your budget. Don’t worry! It’s possible to enjoy the companionship with a dog without spending too much of your precious dollars.

First, you will want to make a list of all the necessary items needed before you bring Fluffy home. Compare costs at different pet stores, grocery stores and big box stores. You will need to buy food, a leash, and purchase toys for your dog.

When it comes to the many dog food choices, you don’t want to just buy the cheaper option. You will want to do some research to see what is healthiest for your dog! One of the best ways to save money on dog food is to buy it in bulk.

Don’t forget to plan for some other big expenses, the vet consultation, wellness exam, and any treatments your dog needs. When you bring your pet to the vet, they may need shots, which can vary for price. Call different clinics in the area and ask how much they charge for the standard immunizations? You might find that there is a lot of differences between offices.

The key to sticking to your budget is planning everything out! With good preparation and organization, a dog will not cost you more money than you planned for.

Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded and underlined portion of the passage. If the bolded and underlined portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."

Possible Answers:

big expenses the vet consultation

big expenses such as, the vet consultation

big expenses; the vet consultation

big expenses: the vet consultation

NO CHANGE

Correct answer:

big expenses: the vet consultation

Explanation:

This question asks you about the appropriate punctuation to introduce a list. A colon should be used to introduce a list of two or more items. The items mentioned in this sentence ("vet consultation, wellness exam, and any treatments") are all examples of "big expenses," so a colon should be used instead of a comma to introduce the list.

Example Question #531 : Punctuation Errors

Fashion, that ever-changing entity has thrown us some curveballs in the last year. No one expected that gym pants would become acceptable workwear, but that’s exactly what has happened! First seen on the runway these casual, slouchy pants bridge the gap between exercise attire and business casual. They have comfortable, elastic waists but feature crisp lines and smart patterns.

Even though top executives have been seen sporting this edgy look, that doesn’t necessarily mean that you can pull it off too! Think about your office dress code and how relaxed it is. For instance, do you see other people in your office wearing less traditional clothing, and do people push the boundaries without getting in trouble. If every person in your office is wearing a button-down shirt, suits, and a tie, this fun fashion may be best left to the weekend.

Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded and underlined portion of the passage. If the bolded and underlined portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."

Possible Answers:

NO CHANGE

First seen on the runway; these casual

First seen on the runway: these casual

First seen on the runway! These casual

First seen on the runway, these casual

Correct answer:

First seen on the runway, these casual

Explanation:

This question asks you about the correct punctuation to use between an introductory phrase and an independent clause. The introductory phrase, "First seen on the runway," must be separated from the main part of the sentence by a comma. The lack of a comma in the original text creates a run-on sentence. It is not appropriate to use an exclamation point or semicolon after the introductory phrase, since it is not a complete sentence in itself. A colon should only be used to introduce a list, a quotation, or a clause that expands upon the previous clause, so it is not correct punctuation to separate an introductory clause from the main clause. 

Example Question #901 : Act English

[1] Some people are excited, some people are just annoyed. [2] Being called to jury duty can inspire a range of different emotions. [3] Unsure how long the trial will take, a call to jury duty can be stressful for people who can’t afford to miss work or school.

Some people will be making attempts to get out of jury duty. However, most will still need to serve. Fortunately, many cases are settled before going to trial and is not uncommon for trials to just last only one day. Either way, once you have served on a jury, you won’t have to do it again for a while!

Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded and underlined portion of the passage. If the bolded and underlined portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."

Possible Answers:

excited; some

excited some

excited: some

excited if some

NO CHANGE

Correct answer:

excited; some

Explanation:

This question asks you to correct a comma splice, which is an error in which two complete sentences are joined with only a comma. A semicolon, which should be used to separate two complete but related sentences, is the best option to divide these sentences. 

Example Question #533 : Punctuation Errors

After the unbelievable fame of J.K. Rowling the author of the Harry Potter series hundreds of idealistic authors struggled to achieve similar success. Because of Rowling's legendary accomplishments, we have invited the author, herself to the book signing so that she can share her experience to anyone that wants to listen. Whether you're an amateur writer, expert author, or simply an eager fan, all kinds of people can benefit from her insight. After all, if a person wants to be successful, you have to be willing to listen to the advice of others. If anyone are interested in attending, please contact the office before the end of the month.

Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of this passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, please select NO CHANGE. 

Possible Answers:

amateur writer; expert author; or simply an eager fan,

NO CHANGE

amateur writer, expert author or simply an eager fan,

amateur writer, expert author, or simply an eager fan;

amateur writer, expert author, or simply an eager fan

Correct answer:

NO CHANGE

Explanation:

When there is a list of more than 2 items, a comma comes between every item in the list (e.g. I like eating cake, pie, and brownies.). Second of all, because "amateur writer expert author, or simply an eager fan," is a dependent clause that comes before the independent clause, there must be a comma separating the two clauses. Therefore, there is a comma after the word "fan" as well. 

Example Question #421 : Comma Errors

In legends and stories passed from generation to generation, people have spoken, and written about the mysterious glimmering beauty of the morning star. This twinkling body of light goes under many names. Some call it the morning star, some have called it the evening star, and some call it the planet Venus. The reason we see the morning star is because the planet Venus is somewhere to the left side relative to Earth. As the Earth rotates and the sun "rises" east of where you are positioned, the morning star also catches the sun's light and the reflection of the light off the planet's surface is what we see in the morning. When the planet has moved to the right of the sun, the opposite occurs so we only see the reflection off the planet in the evening as the sun sets. As the planet slowly rotate around the sun, it is possible that the planet could be on the left side in the morning and then the right side in the evening, causing us to see it as both an evening and morning star.

Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of this passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, please select NO CHANGE. 

Possible Answers:

spoken and written,

spoken and written

spoken and, written

spoken; and written

NO CHANGE

Correct answer:

spoken and written

Explanation:

Commas should be used when a conjunction (in this case, "and") is joining two independent sentences, each with its own subject and verb; however, the conjunction in this sentence is combining an independent sentence and a dependent clause. The phrase that starts with "written" does not have a subject and therefore is not an independent sentence. Commas should not be used when the conjunction is joining one independent and one dependent clause.

Example Question #421 : Comma Errors

In legends and stories passed from generation to generation, people have spoken, and written about the mysterious glimmering beauty of the morning star. This twinkling body of light goes under many names. Some call it the morning star, some have called it the evening star, and some call it the planet Venus. The reason we see the morning star is because the planet Venus is somewhere to the left side relative to Earth. As the Earth rotates and the sun "rises" east of where you are positioned, the morning star also catches the sun's light and the reflection of the light off the planet's surface is what we see in the morning. When the planet has moved to the right of the sun, the opposite occurs, so we only see the reflection off the planet in the evening as the sun sets. As the planet slowly rotate around the sun, it is possible that the planet could be on the left side in the morning and then the right side in the evening, causing us to see it as both an evening and morning star.

Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of this passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, please select NO CHANGE.

Possible Answers:

mysterious; glimmering 

mysterious, glimmering 

mysterious: glimmering 

NO CHANGE

mysterious, glimmering, 

Correct answer:

mysterious, glimmering 

Explanation:

Commas should be used to separate adjectives before a noun when there is a list of two or more adjectives before the noun, and these adjectives are interchangeable without changing the meaning of the sentence. For example, the phrase "mysterious, glimmering beauty" and "glimmering, mysterious beauty" both have the same meaning. Therefore, a comma must come between the adjectives. In contrast, a phrase such as "beautiful cotton dress" and "cotton beautiful dress" would not convey the same meaning, and so there should not be a comma between these adjectives. 

Example Question #541 : Punctuation Errors

After the unbelievable fame of J.K. Rowling the author of the Harry Potter series hundreds of idealistic authors struggled to achieve similar success. Because of Rowling's legendary accomplishments, we have invited the author, herself to the book signing so that she can share her experience to anyone that wants to listen. Whether you're an amateur writer, expert author, or simply an eager fan, all kinds of people can benefit from her insight. After all, if a person wants to be successful, you have to be willing to listen to the advice of others. If anyone are interested in attending, please contact the office before the end of the month.

Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of this passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, please select NO CHANGE. 

Possible Answers:

Rowling the author of the Harry Potter series,

Rowling, the author of the Harry Potterseries

NO CHANGE

Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series,

Rowling the author, of the Harry Potter series,

Correct answer:

Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series,

Explanation:

The following phrase "the author of the Harry Potter series" is known as an appositive phrase. Appositive phrases describe the noun or pronoun and can be removed from the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence. If the phrase fits both of these criteria, it is an appositive, and it needs to be surrounded with commas.

Example Question #901 : Act English

After the unbelievable fame of J.K. Rowling the author of the Harry Potter series hundreds of idealistic authors struggled to achieve similar success. Because of Rowling's legendary accomplishments, we have invited the author, herself to the book signing so that she can share her experience to anyone that wants to listen. Whether you're an amateur writer, expert author, or simply an eager fan, all kinds of people can benefit from her insight. After all, if a person wants to be successful, you have to be willing to listen to the advice of others. If anyone are interested in attending, please contact the office before the end of the month.

Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of this passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, please select NO CHANGE. 

Possible Answers:

the author; herself

the author herself,

the author herself

NO CHANGE

the author, herself,

Correct answer:

the author herself

Explanation:

The word "herself" is an emphatic pronoun, and emphatic pronouns should never be surrounded by commas. Examples of emphatic pronouns include "myself," "yourself," "itself," "ourselves," "yourselves," and "themselves." Emphatic pronouns immediately follow a noun or other other pronoun.

Example Question #543 : Punctuation Errors

In legends and stories passed from generation to generation, people have spoken, and written about the mysterious glimmering beauty of the morning star. This twinkling body of light goes under many names. Some call it the morning star, some have called it the evening star, and some call it the planet Venus. The reason we see the morning star is because the planet Venus is somewhere to the left side relative to Earth. As the Earth rotates and the sun "rises" east of where you are positioned, the morning star also catches the sun's light and the reflection of the light off the planet's surface is what we see in the morning. When the planet has moved to the right of the sun, the opposite occurs, so we only see the reflection off the planet in the evening as the sun sets. As the planet slowly rotate around the sun, it is possible that the planet could be on the left side in the morning and then the right side in the evening, causing us to see it as both an evening and morning star.

Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of this passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, please select NO CHANGE. 

Possible Answers:

sun the opposite

sun; the opposite

sun, and the opposite

sun, but the opposite

NO CHANGE

Correct answer:

NO CHANGE

Explanation:

Any time a sentence starts with a dependent clause or modifying phrase, it must be followed by a comma. "When the planet has moved to the right of the sun" is a dependent clause that is before the independent clause. Therefore, a comma must separate the two clauses. However, if the clauses were reversed, there would be no need for a comma because the dependent clause comes after the independent clause.

There is no need for semicolons in the entire sentence because there are not two independent clauses being joined.

Example Question #902 : Act English

The rainforest in Borneo which is home to a declining orangutan population is in danger because of the slash and burn agriculture practices of palm oil plantations. As a student of environmental science and policy, I had the opportunity to travel to Borneo with a team of scientists and learn more about the situation.  It was my first time visiting the rainforest, and I was excited to hike, camp, and learning.   At night, we cooked dinner over a small camp stove, but during the day we ate plants along the trail. The biologists's extensive training in botany helped them identify which plants were edible during their trek through the rainforest.  I felt very fortunate to see this beautiful, endangered forest. One of the scientists told me that much of the trails in the forest are impassable during the rainy season. After a few days of trekking, we arrived in a part of the forest that was supposed to be a protected area.  However, the local minister of forestry was known for catering to the wishes of large palm oil plantation owners. The minister was determined to support the lucrative palm oil industry, irregardless of the costs. Consequently, he had recently allowed the area’s largest company to conduct slash-and-burn farming within the boundaries of the protected area. The scientists told me that these practices not only harmed orangutan habitats, and they contributed to global warming by releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide when peat burns on the forest floor.

Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded and underlined portion of the sentence. If the bolded and underlined portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."

Possible Answers:

Borneo, which, is home to a declining orangutan population

NO CHANGE

Borneo, which is home to a declining orangutan population,

Borneo, which is home to a declining orangutan population

Borneo which is home to a declining orangutan population,

Correct answer:

Borneo, which is home to a declining orangutan population,

Explanation:

An interrupting phrase adds description but doesn't fundamentally change the meaning of the sentence (the main point is that the forest is in danger). If you removed it the sentence would still be grammatically correct and complete. As such the interrupting phrase should be offset by commas on each side.

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