All ACT English Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #1591 : Correcting Grammatical Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
The governor supported abolishing residential taxes and to create new state parks.
created new parks for the state
to create new parks in the state
created new state parks
to create new state parks
creating new state parks
creating new state parks
As it is written, the sentence uses parallelism incorrectly because the two things the governor supports are different word forms - "abolishing residential taxes" is a gerund phrase, and "to create new state parks" is an infinitive phrase. Changing the infinitive phrase to a gerund phrase makes the sentence sound more fluid.
Example Question #396 : Improving Sentences
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
At the supermarket, I decided to buy apples, oranges, grapefruit, and some lemons.
I decided to buy apples, oranges, grapefruit, and some lemons.
I decided to buy apples, oranges, lemons, and some grapefruit.
I decided on buying apples, oranges, grapefruit, and lemons.
I decided to buy some apples, oranges, grapefruit, and lemons.
I decided to buy apples, oranges, grapefruit, and lemons.
I decided to buy apples, oranges, grapefruit, and lemons.
The sentence must have parallel structure. The quantifier “some” should appear before each fruit, or it should be left out completely. The verb “to decide” must be followed by an infinitive verb (“to buy”).
Example Question #81 : Parallel Structure Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
John was an excellent sportsman because he performed his athletic pursuits with agility, grace, and he desired to win.
John was an excellent sportsman because he performed his athletic pursuits with agility, grace, and he desired to win.
John was an excellent sportsman because he had agility, grace, and a desire to win and he performed all of his athletic pursuits accordingly.
John was an excellent sportsman because of his agility, grace, and desire to win. He performed his athletic pursuits with these abilities.
John was an excellent sportsman because he performed all of his athletic pursuits with agility, grace, and because he desired to win.
John was an excellent sportsman because he performed his athletic pursuits with agility, grace, and desire to win.
John was an excellent sportsman because he performed his athletic pursuits with agility, grace, and desire to win.
The sentence suffers from a form of faulty parallelism, in which the third item in a parallel series doesn't share the same grammatical form as the other items in the series. The third item, "he desired to win," is stated as a clause, while the other two items, "agility" and "grace," are nouns. The easiest way to fix this problem is simply to change "he desired" to "a desire."
Example Question #101 : Correcting Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
The new legislation is intended to help unemployed laborers by providing training in computer science, leadership techniques, and managing accounts.
computer science, leadership techniques, and managing accounts.
computer science; leadership techniques; and managing accounts.
computer science leadership techniques and managing accounts.
computer science, leadership techniques, and account management.
the science of computing, leadership techniques, and managing accounts.
computer science, leadership techniques, and account management.
The list that makes up the underlined portion of the sentence does not correctly employ parallel structure, making it actually describe wildly different things, like the act of "managing" with the topic of "computer science." The three elements in the list need to have the same structure, making "computer science, leadership techniques, and account management," the correct answer choice, as here, all of the elements are presented as nouns.
Example Question #81 : Other Phrase, Clause, And Sentence Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
The students were looking forward to practicing French, eating regional food, and classes during their trip abroad.
practicing French, eating regional food, and taking classes during their trip abroad.
practicing French; eating regional food; taking classes, during their trip abroad.
practicing French, eating regional food, and classes during their trip abroad.
their trip abroad: practicing French, eating regional food, and classes.
French practice, eating regional food, and classes during their trip abroad.
practicing French, eating regional food, and taking classes during their trip abroad.
Elements in a list must have the same grammatical structure in order to be parallel. In this case, the first two items in the list are gerunds: "practicing" and "eating." The third item in the list, however, is a noun: "classes." To correct the sentence's error, the noun "classes" should be replaced by a gerund, and the only answer choice that does this without introducing other errors is "practicing French, eating regional food, and taking classes during their trip abroad."
Example Question #61 : Correcting Parallel Structure Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
What do you make of the fact that he was seen taking off his shoes, unfolded a blanket, and curled up for a nap in one of the café's booths?
What do you make of the fact that he was seen taking off his shoes, unfolding a blanket, and curling up for a nap in one of the café's booths?
What did you made of the fact that he was seen taking off his shoes unfolded a blanket and curled up for a nap in one of the café's booths?
What did you made of the fact that he was saw taking off his shoes, unfolded a blanket, and curled up for a nap in one of the café's booths?
What do you make of the fact that he was seen took off his shoes, unfolded a blanket, and curling up for a nap in one of the café's booths?
What did you made of the fact that he was seen taking off his shoes, unfolded a blanket, and curled up for a nap in one of the café's booths?
What do you make of the fact that he was seen taking off his shoes, unfolding a blanket, and curling up for a nap in one of the café's booths?
This sentence's error is one of parallel structure: all of the items in the sentence's list need to be written in the same form. As it is written, the sentence's list includes one present progressive verb ("taking") and two past-tense verbs ("unfolded" and "curled up"). All of these items need to match, so we either need to change "unfolded" and "curled up" to "unfolding" and "curling up," or "taking" to "took." "He was seen took" is grammatically incorrect; we need the present progressive verb, "taking." So, we need to change "unfolded" and "curled up" to "unfolding" and "curling up," making the correct answer "What do you make of the fact that he was seen taking off his shoes, unfolding a blanket, and curling up for a nap in one of the café's booths?"
Example Question #61 : Correcting Parallel Structure Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English. One of the answer choices reproduces the underlined portion as it is written in the sentence.
No one has ever sailed through the treacherous waters was able to tell anyone about it afterward.
No one has ever sailed
No one who will sail
No one who sailing
No one who has ever sailed
No one sailed
No one who has ever sailed
Let's take a look at the parts from which this this sentence is composed: we have "No one," a subject, "has ever sailed," a verb, "through the treacherous waters," a prepositional phrase, and then "was able to tell anyone about it afterward," a predicate. This sentence has too many verbs. While there are numerous ways to make this sentence grammatically correct, one way is to make the underlined portion into a subject; that way, the sentence would consist of a subject, followed by a prepositional phrase describing that subject, followed by a predicate. The answer choice "No one who has ever sailed" adds in the subordinate conjunction "who" to make what was a verb ("has ever sailed") into a subordinate clause ("who has ever sailed"), making "No one who has ever sailed through the treacherous waters" one big subject and the sentence grammatically correct. While the other answer choices "No one who will sail" each function as a subject, it introduces the future verb tense that doesn't match the past-tense verb "was able" that appears later in the sentence.
Example Question #1592 : Correcting Grammatical Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
Public education, health care, and the constructing of new roadways are all areas that we desperately need to fund.
Public education, health care, and new roadway construction are all areas
Public education, health care, and new roadway construction is all areas
Public education, health care, and constructing new roadways are all areas
Public education, health care, and the constructing of new roadways are all areas
All areas are public education, health care, and new roadway construction
Public education, health care, and new roadway construction are all areas
This sentence's error is one of parallel structure. The first two items in its list, "Public education" and "health care," are nouns, but the third item, "the constructing of new roadways," begins with a gerund. All of the items in a list should be formatted in the same way. There are numerous ways in which we could change the sentence so that each of its items take on the same grammatical form, and several answer choices correctly fix this issue; only "Public education, health care, and constructing new roadways are all areas," which changes the gerund "constructing" to a present progressive verb by omitting the definite article "the," does not do this.
All but one of the answer choices that fix the parallel structure of the list introduce new errors. "Public education, health care, and new roadway construction is all areas" incorrectly uses the singular verb "is" to refer to the plural compound subject, so it is incorrect. "All areas are public education, health care, and new roadway construction" convolutes the sentence's word order and makes it confusing by making it seem as if "all areas"—all of the areas in total, not just the ones "that we desperately need to fund"—are the three listed. Only "Public education, health care, and new roadway construction are all areas" fixes the sentence's error without introducing new mistakes, making it the correct answer and the corrected sentence "Public education, health care, and new roadway construction are all areas that we desperately need to fund."
Example Question #61 : Correcting Parallel Structure Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
Scientists have determined that the risk factors for cardiovascular disease include family history, poor diet, and having an excess of stress.
tends to include family history, poor diet, and excessive stress.
includes family history, poor diet, and excessive stress.
include family history, poor diet, and having an excess of stress.
include family history, poor diet, and having an excessive amount of stress.
include family history, poor diet, and excessive stress.
include family history, poor diet, and excessive stress.
The answer choice "include family history, poor diet, and excessive stress" is correct because it contains appropriate parallelism—in this case, a list of three noun phrases.
The original text "include family history, poor diet, and having an excess of stress" and the answer choice "include family history, poor diet, and having an excessive amount of stress" contain faulty parallelism—the last item in the list includes the verb "having" whereas the first two items in the list do not employ verbs. These answers are therefore incorrect.
Answer choices "includes family history, poor diet, and excessive stress" and "tends to include family history, poor diet, and excessive stress" are incorrect because they both use singular predicates for the plural subject, "risk factors for cardiovascular disease."
Example Question #61 : Correcting Parallel Structure Errors
Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.
In her time, Charlotte Bronte was the most revered of the three Bronte sisters; however, she was neither arrogant or complacent about her notoriety.
more revered of the three Bronte sisters; however, she was neither arrogant nor complacent about her notoriety.
most revered of the three Bronte sisters; however, she was neither arrogant or complacent about her notoriety.
most revered of the three Bronte sisters, however, she was neither arrogant nor complacent with regards to her notoriety.
most revered of the three Bronte sisters, however, she was neither arrogant nor complacent about her notoriety.
most revered of the three Bronte sisters; however, she was neither arrogant nor complacent about her notoriety.
most revered of the three Bronte sisters; however, she was neither arrogant nor complacent about her notoriety.
The original text contains an incorrect use of correlative conjunctions. "Neither" must be followed somewhere later in the sentence by "nor."
The answer choices "most revered of the three Bronte sisters, however, she was neither arrogant nor complacent about her notoriety" and "most revered of the three Bronte sisters, however, she was neither arrogant nor complacent with regards to her notoriety" lead to run-on sentences and are therefore incorrect.
The answer choice "more revered of the three Bronte sisters; however, she was neither arrogant nor complacent about her notoriety" incorrectly uses the comparative form "more" instead of the superlative form "most," which is appropriate when more than two entities are being compared, as in this sentence.
Only the answer choice "most revered of the three Bronte sisters; however, she was neither arrogant nor complacent about her notoriety" is correct because it uses "neither . . . nor," the superlative form "most," and does not lead to a run-on sentence.
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