2nd Grade Science : Physical Science
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for 2nd Grade Science
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Example Questions
Example Question #2 : Changes Caused By Heating And Cooling
Which argument is constructed using evidence?
Arguments cannot be made with evidence.
Cooling cannot be reversed because it is always freezing outside.
I don't think heating can be reversed because I have never seen it happen.
Heating and cooling can be reversed because ponds freeze and unfreeze every year.
Heating and cooling can be reversed because ponds freeze and unfreeze every year.
The statement that is constructed using evidence includes no personal opinions or statements and has scientific evidence to support the claim. "Heating and cooling can be reversed because ponds freeze and unfreeze every year." This statement is based on evidence that can be recorded each year and studied.
Example Question #81 : Physical Science
Becca says that some heating changes can be reversed. She gives the example of melting butter. She says that you can turn a solid piece of butter into a liquid and then turn it back to a solid. Her friend Melva disagrees and says butter cannot be changed back and forth.
Is this an argument that can be settled with evidence?
No; Becca has stated a fact that cannot be disputed or tested
Yes; they could complete an experiment to collect evidence
No; Melva has stated a fact that cannot be disputed or tested
Yes; they could both eat butter and see what happens
Yes; they could complete an experiment to collect evidence
This is an argument that could be settled with evidence. The girls are arguing if heating and cooling is a process that can be reversed with butter as an example. The girls could test the butter by melting it and seeing if they can turn it back to solids. They could collect information during the investigation to help decide who is correct.
Example Question #1 : Changes Caused By Heating And Cooling
Today Patrick and Annie's mother made French toast for breakfast. She asks them if the changes to the bread can be reversed or not. Annie says the changes cannot be reversed, and Patrick says the changes can be reversed. How could the kids determine who is correct?
Perform an experiment
Research heating and cooling changes
All of the answer choices are correct
Investigate and collect information
All of the answer choices are correct
Annie and Patrick could use any of the answer choices to determine who is correct. They could perform an investigation or experiment and collect information. They also can research heating and cooling changes to determine if someone else has discovered an answer to their question. All of these actions could help the siblings collect evidence about the topic.
Example Question #2 : Changes Caused By Heating And Cooling
Today is the 4th of July, and Sammie's dad celebrated with fireworks. He lit them in the yard for everyone to see. His dad asks them if the changes made to the fireworks can be reversed or not. Sammie says the changes cannot be reversed, and his dad says the changes can be reversed. How can Sammie's dad prove the changes can be reversed?
Take photos of the fireworks to study
Tell Sammie he is an adult so he's right
Return the firework to its original state
Get new fireworks to light
Return the firework to its original state
If Sammie's father wants to prove that he can reverse the changes to the fireworks, then he would need to return them to their original state. He needs to reverse anything that has been done to them in the process of lighting them or during the explosion.
Example Question #1 : Argue Changes Caused By Heating/Cooling Can't Be Reversed
Today Patrick and Annie's mother made French toast for breakfast. She asks them if the changes to the bread can be reversed or not. Annie says the changes cannot be reversed, and Patrick says the changes can be reversed. Using this example, who is correct, Annie or Patrick, and why?
There is not enough information to decide who is correct.
Neither; Annie and Patrick are both incorrect.
Patrick; He is correct because the changes to the bread can be reversed. The bread would be able to be cooked and then turned back into plain bread.
Annie; She is correct because this is a change that cannot be reversed. If the bread has been cooked and made into French toast, it cannot be turned back into plain bread.
Annie; She is correct because this is a change that cannot be reversed. If the bread has been cooked and made into French toast, it cannot be turned back into plain bread.
In the situation presented, Annie is correct. The changes to the bread are not able to be reversed once it has been heated up and turned into French toast. In some instances, these changes can be reversed like an ice cube or chocolate bar. If these items are melted, they can be cooled and will return to a solid. Once the bread is cooked, it cannot be changed back.
Example Question #2 : Argue Changes Caused By Heating/Cooling Can't Be Reversed
Today is the 4th of July, and Sammie's dad celebrated with fireworks. He lit them in the yard for everyone to see. His dad asks them if the changes made to the fireworks can be reversed or not. Sammie says the changes cannot be reversed, and his dad says the changes can be reversed. Using this example, which is correct, Sammie, or his father, and why?
There is not enough information to decide who is correct.
Sammie; He is correct in this situation because the changes to the fireworks from being heated cannot be reversed.
Sammie's father; He is incorrect in this situation because the changes to the fireworks from being heated cannot be reversed. He thinks they can be reversed.
Neither; both Sammie and his father are wrong
Sammie; He is correct in this situation because the changes to the fireworks from being heated cannot be reversed.
Sammie is correct in this situation. Once the fireworks are lit and the explosion happens, there is no way for this change to be reversed. The firework cannot be "unlit" and put back into the container once the heat has been applied. Something like a chocolate bar can have heat applied and then reversed once it is cooled, but fireworks are an example of something that cannot be changed.
Example Question #3 : Argue Changes Caused By Heating/Cooling Can't Be Reversed
Some changes caused by heating and cooling cannot be reversed.
False
True
True
The statement in the question is correct. Some changes can be reversed when something is heated or cooled, and others cannot. Boiling water can be reversed, once the steam cools it is liquid water again. Lighting a piece of paper on fire cannot be reversed; the paper cannot be returned to its original state.
Example Question #1 : Argue Changes Caused By Heating/Cooling Can't Be Reversed
Which of these photos demonstrates a change from heating or cooling that cannot be reversed?
The photo that demonstrates a change that cannot be reversed is the pan of brownies. Writing with markers can be erased and reversed, ice cubes can be heated and cooled multiple times between states, and a puzzle can be taken apart and put back together. Once the ingredients are mixed into a batter and then heated, the brownies cannot be turned into mixture again.
Example Question #5 : Argue Changes Caused By Heating/Cooling Can't Be Reversed
The photo below is an example of a change that cannot be reversed.
False
True
False
The photo is an example of a change that CAN be reversed. If the large block of ice starts to melt and the temperature drops again, it will refreeze. If the Sun comes out and it warms up, it will begin to melt again.
Example Question #2 : Argue Changes Caused By Heating/Cooling Can't Be Reversed
Becky says some changes caused by heating cannot be reversed. Maddy says all changes can be reversed. Their mother cooked hashbrowns for breakfast. Using this example, which sister is correct, Becky or Maddy, and why?
Maddy; the potato can be uncooked and put back into its original form
There is not enough information to tell who is correct or incorrect
Neither; neither Becky nor her sister Maddy is correct
Becky; once the potato has been cooked there is no way to reverse it back into the form it was before
Becky; once the potato has been cooked there is no way to reverse it back into the form it was before
Some changes caused by heating or cooling cannot be reversed. This statement is true, so in the cases of Becky and her sister Maddy, Becky is correct. Some changes caused by heating, like cooking a potato, can't be reversed. There is no way to take the potato from cooked and get it back into its raw form.
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