The United Nations was founded officially on October 24, 1945 in New York. Created to find peaceful resolutions to international conflicts and avoid conflagrations like that which had just consumed the world for more than a half decade, the UN has been a presence on the international stage ever since. 

In 1923, France occupied the Ruhr area in southwestern Germany following Germany being unable to pay its reparations on schedule. The area was chosen due to having a sizable percentage of German coal, iron, steel, and manganese works, materials which not only were due to France per reparations agreements, but were also vital to any sort of respectable modern army. The occupation then was not only a financial move on the part of the French, but also reminded the Germans "who was in charge" in a manner of speaking

Black Tuesday was the day of the stock market crash and one of the major milestones of the Great Depression, so that would be the best answer. Black Friday is the Friday after Thanksgiving in the US and is a day of discount shopping, so that would not be the best choice. The Shot Heard Round the World was used describe the first battle of the American Revolutionary War at Lexington and Concord, so that would not be the best answer here. And finally, D-Day was the day of the invasion of Normandy during World War II, so that would not be a good choice either.

Nazi Germany was the correct answer because the other three governments were formed either well before or after the stock market crash. Both Fascist Italy (founded in 1922) and Communist Russia (founded in 1922) were around before the crash in 1929. Imperial Japan was founded in 1868 and came to a forefront right before World War II in 1941, well after the crash. Nazi Germany was founded in 1933, only four years after the crash and at the height of the Great Depression.

FDR was very influenced by the school of Keynesian economics, which believed that the state should increase spending during times of economic crisis to boost spending.

Due to the Soviet Union being a Communist country and thus cut off from trade in rest of the world, it was hardly effected by the Depression. In fact, due to the Soviet 5-year plans and its rapid industrialization, Soviet Russia was growing very fast, creating much pro-communist sentiment during this time period.

The Great Depression led to millions of people losing their jobs, a collapse in farming prices as farmers could not repay their debts, and an increase in isolationism as people began to focus solely on their countries problem. The Depression did not lead to more industrialization, but actually less as people no longer had the money to build factories and employ workers.

During Roosevelt's tenure, the Supreme Court struck now many of his "New Deal" policies as unconstitutional. The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 would have allowed the president to appoint an additional justice to the Supreme Court for every member of the court older than 70 years, 6 months. This would have allowed Roosevelt to "pack" the court with justices that he appointed in an attempt to no longer have the court strike down his New Deal provisions. The bill was defeated in the Senate.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was formed in 1935 and renamed to Works Projects Administration in 1939 was the largest New Deal agency. It employed over 8.5 million workers during its eight year run, usually unskilled and unemployed male youth to work on public construction projects. The WPA built roads, highways, bridges and parks throughout the country. There was also a segment of unemployed artists that were part of the program for cultural projects. 

The Dust Bowl destroyed family farms across wide areas of Oklahoma, Kansas, Arkansas, and Texas. While Oklahomans did disperse and migrate across the country, the majority of migrants sought agricultural work in California. Conditions in California were desperate, with little pay and housing often resembling rough camps or shanty towns.