The altitude of an equilateral triangle splits it into two 30-60-90 triangles. The height of the triangle is the longer leg of the 30-60-90 triangle. If the hypotenuse is 8, the longer leg is .

To double check the answer use the Pythagorean Thereom:

Step 1: Locate the side that is opposite the  side..

The shortest side is opposite the  angle. Let's say that this side has length .

Step 2: Recall the ratio of the sides of a  triangle:

From the shortest side, the ratio is .

 is the hypotenuse, which is twice as big as the shortest side..

The ratio of the short side to the hypotenuse is 

We know that in a 30-60=90 triangle, the smallest side corresponds to the side opposite the 30 degree angle.

Additionally, we know that the hypotenuse is 2 times the value of the smallest side, so in this case, that is 10.

The formula for 

, so  or .

First, we know that in a 30-60-90 triangle,

.

Also, the base is the smallest side times , so in our case it is .

The height is just the smallest side, .

Substituting these values into the formula given for area of a triangle, we obtain the answer .

The scale factor of a dilation tells us what we multiply corresponding sides by to get the new side lengths. In this case, we want these lengths to be the same to get congruent triangles. Thus, we must be looking for the multiplicative identity, which is 1. 

ASA (Angle Side Angle) is a theorem to prove triangle congruency.

In this case, we only need two angles to prove that two triangles are similar, so the last side in ASA is unnecessary for this question.

For this purpose, we use the theorem AA instead. 

Two triangles are similar if and only if their side lengths are proportional.

In this case, two of the sides are proportional, leading us to a scale factor of 2.

However, with the last side,  which is not our side length.

Thus, these pair of sides are not proportional and therefore our triangles cannot be similar. 

We must remember that there are three ways to prove triangles are similar.

1. At least two angles in one triangle are congruent to angles in another (AA)
2. All three pairs of corresponding sides are proportional (SSS)
3. Two pairs of corresponding sides are proportional and the angles between those sides are congruent (SAS)

Comparing triangles I and II, we only have one angle and two sides in trinagle II, so attempting to use either AA or SSS for similarity will not work, leaving SAS as the only option.  If we compare the two given sides in each triangle, we notice that the ratio of the longer side in triangle I to the longer side in triangle II is

The ratio of the shorter sides in each triangle are

Notice we have equal ratios and thus a proportion.  However, we still must confirm that the included angles are congruent.  The measure for this angle is not given in triangle I, but we can calculate since all three angles must add up to 180 degrees.  Calculation tells us that the measure is 98 degrees, which unfortunately does not equal the 110 from triangle II.  Therefore, we have no SAS and therefore no similarity between I and II.

Transitioning to I and III, we only have angles in triangle III, so we are unable to use either SSS or SAS.  However, we previously calculated the measure third angle in triangle I to be 98.  Therefore, two of our angles are congruent, meaning we have AA and thus similarity.

Regarding II and III, we can use some logic.  Since we know I and III are similar, then if II and III were also similar, then we could use the transitive property to conclude that I and II are also similar.  But we know this is false, so II and III cannot be similar.

Therefore, the only two similar triangles are I and III.

For both triangles, we are given the "legs." Based on their relative lenghts, we can see that 2 corresponds with 3, and 7 corresponds with 10.5. First we need to make sure that these two triangles are similar. We can do this by comparing the ratios of corresponding sides:

There are a couple of ways to go from here. One would be to cross-multiply:

the ratios are equal, so the triangles are similar, and the scale factor is .

Based on their positions relative to the congruent angles, and their relative lengths, we can see that 1.5 corresponds to 6, and 8 corresponds to 30. If the ratios of corresponding sides are equal, then the triangles are congruent: 

We can compare these in a couple different ways. One would be to cross-multiply:

These triangles are not similar.