The climate is the general mood or feeling towards somethings (as well as weather conditions).

"Adjunct" means assistant or secondary item that is added to the main part. "Mutability" means capable of being altered or changed. "Coronation" is the celebration of crowning a king. "Humiliation" is the act of being embarrassed. "Prudence" means carefulness and caution.

“Esteem” is a noun that means “respect and admiration, typically for a person,” so we need to pick out an answer choice that means something like “admiration.” That means that “contempt” cannot be the correct answer, because “contempt” means “the feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration or is worthless,” making it an antonym, not a synonym, of “esteem.” “Respect,” however, when used as a noun, means “a feeling of deep admiration for someone or something elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements,” and because “respect” is the answer choice closest in meaning to “esteem,” “respect” is the correct answer.

“Hierarchy” is a noun that can mean “a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority” or “an arrangement or classification of things according to relative importance or inclusiveness.” So, we need to pick out an answer choice that means something like “a system of organization ranking people according to authority” or “a classification of things according to relative importance.” That means that “jumble” cannot be the correct answer, because “jumble” means “an untidy collection or pile of things,” a meaning which is very distant from that of “hierarchy.” “Ranking,” however, when used as a noun, means either “a position in a scale of achievement or status; a classification” or “the action or process of giving a specified rank or place within a grading system.” Because “ranking” is the answer choice closest in meaning to “hierarchy,” “ranking” is the correct answer.

“Tantamount” is an adjective that means “equivalent in seriousness to; virtually the same as,” so we need to pick out an answer choice that means something like “equivalent to.” That means that “different from” cannot be the correct answer, because “different” means “not the same as another or each other; unlike” making it an antonym, not a synonym, of “tantamount.” “Commensurate,” however, is an adjective that means “corresponding in size or degree; in proportion,” and because “commensurate with” is the answer choice closest in meaning to “tantamount to,” “commensurate with” is the correct answer.

“Profession” is a noun that means “a paid occupation, for which there is often considerable training” so we need to pick out an answer choice that means something like “a paid occupation.” That means that “vacation” cannot be the correct answer, because “vacation” means “an extended period of recreation, especially one spent traveling,” a meaning very distant from that of “profession.” “Vocation,” however, is a noun that can mean “a person’s employment or main occupation,” or “a trade or profession,” and because “vocation” is the answer choice closest in meaning to “profession,” “vocation” is the correct answer.

“Beholden” is an adjective that means “owing thanks for help or a service,” so we need to pick out an answer choice that means something like “owing thanks for something.” That means that “free” cannot be the correct answer, because “free” can mean “not subject to obligations,” making it an antonym, not a synonym, of “beholden.” “Indebted,” however, is an adjective that means either “owing money” or “owing gratitude for a service or favor,” and because “indebted” is the answer choice closest in meaning to “beholden,” “indebted” is the correct answer.

An "anecdote" is a short story, typically drawn from personal experience.

"Discourse" means conversation or group of conversations.  

An "allusion" is a casual reference to something.