SAT II US History : SAT Subject Test in United States History

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT II US History

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Example Questions

Example Question #152 : U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887                      .

Possible Answers:

created a graduated income tax

removed obstacles to unionization 

demanded that government positions be assigned on the basis of merit, not favor

called for the immediate Americanization of Native American people 

rendered obsolete previous government instituted tariffs 

Correct answer:

called for the immediate Americanization of Native American people 

Explanation:

The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was seen at the time as the best possible way to deal with the “Indian Problem.” United States lawmakers perceived that white settlers and Native people could not peacefully coexist under the current situation where racial, cultural, and political differences were so great. The Dawes Severalty Act, named for its sponsor, Senator Henry Dawes, proposed to “Americanize” the native population. The first step was to discourage the Native population from collective ownership—individual property rights would naturally cause them to experience life much like an American citizen. To this end the American government began to divide Native land among individuals and force Native people to abandon their conventional economic practices, embracing widespread agriculture. Finally, the government envisioned that it could sell what land was not required by Native individuals to white settlers and thereby open up new sections of the continent to American expansion.

Example Question #12 : Representative Viewpoints In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

The Compact Theory                         .

Possible Answers:

was supported by Abraham Lincoln

outlines that any powers not reserved for the Federal government are the sole property of the People

states that the Constitution was created by the states; therefore the states have the right to dissolve it 

provides an outline for the containment of communism

was opposed by Thomas Jefferson

Correct answer:

states that the Constitution was created by the states; therefore the states have the right to dissolve it 

Explanation:

The Compact Theory maintains that the United States Constitution was created by the agreement of the States; therefore, if the states disagree with the direction or interpretation of the Constitution, then they have the right to dissolve it. Thomas Jefferson was a notable proponent of this opinion, arguing passionately for it in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

Example Question #13 : Representative Viewpoints In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

Which Supreme Court ruling stated that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional?

Possible Answers:

Prigg v. Pennsylvania 

Lemmon v. New York 

Ogden v. Saunders

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Plessy v. Ferguson

Correct answer:

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Explanation:

In the case Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Roger Taney, ruled that African Americans were not United States citizens and therefore had no right to bring a case before the Supreme Court, and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it threatened the protected right to own property; furthermore, it stated that the Federal government had no right to regulate slavery in the territories. Taney and the other Justices had intended this ruling to be the end of the slavery expansion issue; however, it was not universally accepted: the Republican Party in particular treated it as an immoral legal precedent.

Example Question #155 : U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

The Freeport Doctrine                            .

Possible Answers:

supported the Supreme Court’s ruling that slavery could not legally be excluded from new territories

stated that popular sovereignty should settle the issue of slavery in newly acquired states and territories

argued for the complete emancipation of all Blacks living in the United States

None of the answers given explain The Freeport Doctrine.

tried to amend the Fugitive Slave laws that were damaging Northern and Southern relations

Correct answer:

stated that popular sovereignty should settle the issue of slavery in newly acquired states and territories

Explanation:

The Freeport Doctrine was first proposed by Stephen Douglas in one of his debates with future President, Abraham Lincoln. The Lincoln-Douglas debates are an important historical argument. In 1858 Lincoln and Douglas were both campaigning to represent the state of Illinois in the Senate. Lincoln represented the Republican Party, and Douglas the Democratic. The central issue of the seven debates was slavery—primarily whether it should be expanded into the territories or not. Douglas articulated that the issue of slavery in newly acquired states and territories should ignore the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case and instead allow the people of the territory to vote and choose for themselves. This opinion is known as The Freeport Doctrine. The issues of the 1858 Congressional debates would mirror the debates Lincoln would deal with during his Presidential campaign, and again, once he was in office. 

Example Question #491 : Sat Subject Test In United States History

Which of these nineteenth-century Politicians is correctly matched with his region?

Possible Answers:

John Quincy Adams: North 

Daniel Webster: South 

Andrew Jackson: South

John C. Calhoun: West

Henry Clay: North 

Correct answer:

John Quincy Adams: North 

Explanation:

The politics of the United States after the end of the Era of Good Feelings, and before the outbreak of Civil War, was characterized by regional identities. The North was strongly in favor of tariffs to protect Northern business interests. The West desired the improvement of internal infrastructure to open up greater areas of the West to settlement and economic expansion. The South wanted to ensure the continuation of the institution of slavery and heavily opposed the North's desire for greater tariffs, as this generally hurt Southern interests.

The correct pairings are as follows:

Daniel Webster: North

John Quincy Adams: North

Henry Clay: West

Andrew Jackson: West

John C. Calhoun: South

Example Question #492 : Sat Subject Test In United States History

The political group known as "Copperheads" during the Civil War Era were united around what issue?

Possible Answers:

To emancipate all slaves throughout the Union and the Confederacy

To build up Northern war supplies and forces to seek a quicker victory over the Confederacy

To seek the secession of border states during the War in order to aid the Confederate cause

To emancipate all the slaves throughout the Confederacy

To get the North to end all hostilities and sign a peace treaty with the Confederacy

Correct answer:

To get the North to end all hostilities and sign a peace treaty with the Confederacy

Explanation:

The Copperheads were groups of anti-War Democrats that sprang up in late 1862. As the War began stalling out for the Union, many opponents of Lincoln's Republican party began calling for an end to all hostilities. Initially operating as underground societies, Republicans called them Copperheads after the venomous snake. The Copperheads themselves adopted the name, and wore with pride the head of liberty from a copper penny. The main Copperhead leader, Representative Clement Vallandingham of Ohio, was arrested for treason in 1863, and had to flee to Canada. War successes throughout 1863 led to a cratering of public support for the Copperhead cause.

Example Question #16 : Representative Viewpoints In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

“The basis of our political system is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of government."

The above quote is taken from which President’s farewell address?

Possible Answers:

John Quincy Adams

George Washington 

James Madison

Andrew Jackson 

Abraham Lincoln

Correct answer:

George Washington 

Explanation:

George Washington’s farewell address is perhaps the most famous in the history of the United States Presidency. In his speech, Washington warned against the subservience of the people to political parties. He also praised American political system and provided the above quote as a constant reminder to the American people of the power that democracy gives them. 

Example Question #159 : U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

The statement above was made by __________.

Possible Answers:

Stephen A. Douglas in a debate for the Senate

John C. Calhoun in the midst of the Nullification crisis

Abraham Lincoln at the commemoration of the Gettysburg battlefield

Ulysses S. Grant in accepting surrender terms from the Army of Northern Virginia

George McClellan in a Presidential campaign speech

Correct answer:

Abraham Lincoln at the commemoration of the Gettysburg battlefield

Explanation:

If the Gettysburg Address is not instantly familiar, the references to "Civil War" and a "great battlefield" are great indicators that this statement occurred during the time the Civil War was ongoing. Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address in November of 1863, four and a half months after the Battle of Gettysburg, but in the middle of continuous fighting. Lincoln's speech helped dedicate the Soldiers' National Cemetery at the Gettysburg battlefield.

Example Question #493 : Sat Subject Test In United States History

The Republican Party platform for the 1860 election argued that slavery should __________.

Possible Answers:

should only be extended across the Western territories south of the Mason-Dixon line

be allowed in new Western states if they desired to have it

be spread to all Northern states

be eradicated immediately everywhere in the United States

be stopped where it currently was practiced and not allowed to spread

Correct answer:

be stopped where it currently was practiced and not allowed to spread

Explanation:

In 1860, only the most radical abolitionists were openly advocating for an immediate end to all slavery. The Republican Party had formed as an anti-slavery party in the 1850s, but only advocated in its 1860 platform that slavery should be contained where it already was practiced. The Southern states did not trust even this statement about slavery, and upon Republican Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860, many southern states seceded from the Union.

Example Question #494 : Sat Subject Test In United States History

The Bourbon Democrats of the late-nineteenth century generally favored all of the following except __________.

Possible Answers:

civil service reform

big city political bosses

railroads

bankers

gold standard

Correct answer:

big city political bosses

Explanation:

In the late-nineteenth century, during what is known as the "Third Party System," both the Republican and Democractic parties split into multiple factions. The Democrats had three broad bases of support: Southern Whites, favoring populist economics and racial political appeals; Northern Urban residents, favoring populist economics and labor movements; and the Bourbon Democrats. The Bourbons, referring to conservative factions in Europe, combining support of laissez-faire capitalism, particularly siding with fewer restrictions on banks, railroads, and other corporations, with vigorous civil service reform, as the Bourbons were sworn enemies of the bosses that controlled the party in large cities.

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