SAT II Math I : Coordinate Geometry

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT II Math I

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Example Questions

Example Question #11 : Transformation

 

Let f(x) = -2x2 + 3x - 5. If g(x) represents f(x) after it has been shifted to the left by three units, and then shifted down by four, which of the following is equal to g(x)?

Possible Answers:
-2x^2 + 3x - 12
-2x^2 - 9x - 18
-2x^2 + 31x - 124
-2x^2 + 15x - 36
-2x^2 - 9
Correct answer: -2x^2 - 9x - 18
Explanation:

We are told that g(x) is found by taking f(x) and shifting it to the left by three and then down by four. This means that we can represent g(x) as follows:

g(x) = f(x + 3) - 4

Remember that the function f(x + 3) represents f(x) after it has been shifted to the LEFT by three, whereas f(x - 3) represents f(x) after being shifted to the RIGHT by three.

f(x) = -2x2 + 3x - 5

g(x) =  f(x + 3) - 4 = [-2(x+3)2 + 3(x+3) - 5] - 4

g(x) = -2(x2 + 6x + 9) + 3x + 9 - 5 - 4

g(x) = -2x2 -12x -18 + 3x + 9 - 5 - 4

g(x) = -2x- 9x - 18 + 9 - 5 - 4

g(x) = -2x- 9x - 18

The answer is -2x- 9x - 18.

Example Question #11 : Transformation

Let f(x) be a function. Which of the following represents f(x) after it has been reflected across the x-axis, then shifted to the left by four units, and then shifted down by five units?

Possible Answers:

–f(x – 4) – 5

–f(x + 4) – 5

f(x + 4) – 5

–f(x + 5) – 4

–f(x – 5) – 4

Correct answer:

–f(x + 4) – 5

Explanation:

f(x) undergoes a series of three transformations. The first transformation is the reflection of f(x) across the x-axis. This kind of transformation takes all of the negative values and makes them positive, and all of the positive values and makes them negative. This can be represented by multiplying f(x) by –1. Thus, –f(x) represents f(x) after it is reflected across the x-axis.

Next, the function is shifted to the left by four. In general, if g(x) is a function, then g(x – h) represents a shift by h units. If h is positive, then the shift is to the right, and if h is negative, then the shift is to the left. In order, to shift the function to the left by four, we would need to let h = –4. Thus, after –f(x) is shifted to the left by four, we can write this as –f(x – (–4)) = –f(x + 4).

The final transformation requires shifting the function down by 5. In general, if g(x) is a function, then g(x) + h represents a shift upward if h is positive and a shift downward if h is negative. Thus, a downward shift of 5 to the function –f(+ 4) would be represented as –f(+ 4) – 5.

The three transformations of f(x) can be represented as –f(+ 4) – 5.

The answer is –f(+ 4) – 5.

Example Question #1 : Transformation

Fxgx1

The graphs of f(x) and g(x) are shown above. Which equation best describes the relationship between f(x) and g(x)?

Possible Answers:

g(x)=|f(x)|

g(x)=f(|x|)

g(x)=f(-x)

g(x)=(f(x))^3

g(x)=-f(x)

Correct answer:

g(x)=|f(x)|

Explanation:

Fxgx2

Fxgx3

Example Question #4 : Transformation

If the point (6, 7) is reflected over the line \dpi{100} \small y=x and then over the x-axis, what is the resulting coordinate?

Possible Answers:

(–6, –7)

(7, 6)

(7, –6)

(6, 7)

(6, –7)

Correct answer:

(7, –6)

Explanation:

A reflection over the line \dpi{100} \small y=x involves a switching of the coordinates to get us (7, 6). A reflection over the x-axis involves a negation of the y-coordinate. Thus the resulting point is (7, –6).

Example Question #1 : How To Do Coordinate Geometry

You are looking at a map of your town and your house is located at the coordinate (0,0). Your school is located at the point (3,4). If each coordinate distance is 1.3 miles, how far away is your school?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The coordinate length between you and your school is equivalent to the hypotenuse of a right triangle with sides of 3 and 4 units:

The distance is 5 coordinate lengths, and each coordinate length corresponds to 1.3 miles of distance, so

Example Question #1 : Transformation

Line m passes through the points (–4, 3) and (2, –6). If line q is generated by reflecting m across the line y = x, then which of the  following represents the equation of q?

Possible Answers:

2x + 3y = –6

3x + 2y = 18

2x + 3y = 6

–2x + 3y = 6

3x + 2y = 6

Correct answer:

2x + 3y = –6

Explanation:

When a point is reflected across the line y = x, the x and y coordinates are switched. In other words, the point (a, b) reflected across the line y = x would be (b, a). 

Thus, if line m is reflected across the line y = x, the points that it passes through will be reflected across the line y = x. As a result, since m passes through (–4, 3) and (2, –6), when m is reflected across y = x, the points it will pass through become (3, –4) and (–6, 2). 

Because line q is a reflection of line m across y = x, q must pass through the points (3, –4) and (–6, 2). We know two points on q, so if we determine the slope of q, we can then use the point-slope formula to find the equation of q.

First, let's find the slope between (3, –4) and (–6, 2) using the formula for slope between the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).

slope = (2 – (–4))/(–6 –3)

= 6/–9 = –2/3

Next, we can use the point-slope formula to find the equation for q.

y – y1 = slope(x – x1)

y – 2 = (–2/3)(x – (–6))

Multiply both sides by 3.

3(y – 2) = –2(x + 6)

3y – 6 = –2x – 12

Add 2x to both sides.

2x + 3y – 6 = –12

Add six to both sides.

2x + 3y = –6

The answer is 2x + 3y = –6.

Example Question #11 : Transformation

Explain in words the transformations from the parent function

   for  below.

Possible Answers:

Reflection over the y-axis, horizontal stretch by a factor of 2, translate left 5 spaces and up 4 spaces. 

Reflection over the x-axis, vertical stretch by a factor of 2, translate right 5 spaces and up 4 spaces. 

Reflection over the y-axis, vertical stretch by a factor of 2, translate right 5 spaces and up 4 spaces. 

Reflection over the x-axis, vertical stretch by a factor of 2, translate left 5 spaces and up 4 spaces. 

Correct answer:

Reflection over the x-axis, vertical stretch by a factor of 2, translate right 5 spaces and up 4 spaces. 

Explanation:

This quadratic is presented in vertex form. 

First, the negative sign will reflect the graph over the x-axis, if the negative sign were inside the parentheses it would be reflected over the y-axis. 

Second, the 2 will stretch the graph vertically, if the 2 had been inside the parentheses that would have been a horizontal shrink. 

Third, the 5 inside the parentheses, translates the graph 5 spaces right because we are plugging in a positive 5 into the original vertex form for "h". A negative 5 would change the sign inside the parentheses. 

Finally, the 4 outside the parentheses is the k-value, which translates the graph up 4 spaces in this case. 

Example Question #461 : Advanced Geometry

If , what would  be if it is equivalent to  reflected over the x-axis. 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

If the function is reflected over the x-axis, then .

It will be the opposite of what is currently written.

Therefore, 

 

becomes 

.

Example Question #11 : Transformation

What would  become if it was reflected over the y-axis to become ?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

When a function is reflected over the y-axis, 

 

becomes 

 

which is simplifed as 

.

Example Question #1 : Transformation

Let f(x) = x3 – 2x2 + x +4. If g(x) is obtained by reflecting f(x) across the y-axis, then which of the following is equal to g(x)?

Possible Answers:

–x3 – 2x2 – x + 4

x3 + 2x2 + x + 4

–x3 + 2x2 – x + 4

–x3 – 2x2 – x – 4

x3 – 2x2 – x + 4

Correct answer:

–x3 – 2x2 – x + 4

Explanation:

In order to reflect a function across the y-axis, all of the x-coordinates of every point on that function must be multiplied by negative one. However, the y-values of each point on the function will not change. Thus, we can represent the reflection of f(x) across the y-axis as f(-x). The figure below shows a generic function (not f(x) given in the problem) that has been reflected across the y-axis, in order to offer a better visual understanding. 

Therefore, g(x) = f(–x).

f(x) = x3 – 2x2 + x – 4

g(x) = f(–x) = (–x)3 – 2(–x)2 + (–x) + 4

g(x) = (–1)3x3 –2(–1)2x2 – x + 4

g(x) = –x3 –2x2 –x + 4.

The answer is –x3 –2x2 –x + 4.

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