This excerpt is made up almost entirely of a string of images. There is no indication that the reader is supposed to find some deeper meaning in these images or to not interpret them literally, which rules out allegory as an answer. The images do not serve as comparisons, and so are not metaphors. The first line of the poem could be an example of apostrophe but it is not a device relied on throughout the excerpt. Alliteration is used sparingly and is not a dominant feature of this excerpt. 

Passage adapted from William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (1597).

An apostrophe is the address of someone or something not directly present in the scene. In this case, the speaker addresses the line in the second person ("you") to his heart. 

In a different context, this line might have offered an example of metonymy had "heart" been used as a stand-in for "love." Since that's not the case, there's no metonymy here.

Passage adapted from "[I wake and feel the fell of dark, not day]" (1918) by Gerald Manley Hopkins.

A simile is a comparison between two things that uses the comparative words "like" or "as." It is differentiated from the metaphor in that a metaphor does not use "like" or "as." There is a simile in each of lines 1, 3, 5, and 7. In line 1, for instance, the Assyrian is compared to a wolf in this simile: "like the wolf on the fold." The simile is line 3 is "like stars on the sea"--and so on.

Passage adapted from Lord Byron's "The Destruction of Sennacherib" (1815)

Lines 5 and 7 both begin with "Like the leaves of the forest..." This is an example of anaphora. Anaphora is a term used to describe a specific type of repetition in poetry. It refers to the repetition, twice or more times, of the same word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of sentences.

Passage adapted from Lord Byron's "The Destruction of Sennacherib" (1815)

This poem is written in anapestic tetrameter, and so is almost completely composed of anapests.

An anapest is a metrical foot composed of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable. Examples of words that are, themselves, examples of anapests include "engineer" and "entertain."

Here is line 21 of the poem divided into its four anapests, with stressed syllables in bold: "And the wi / dows of A / shur are loud / in their wail." Each combination of two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable is an anapest.

Passage adapted from Lord Byron's "The Destruction of Sennacherib" (1815)

The first line of this poem is an example of apostrophe. It is an exclamatory statement addressing an inanimate object (although apostrophe can also be a change in address towards another individual or an abstract concept). The speaker in this instance is addressing a rock, praising its stupendous summit. This is not an example of personification because no human qualities are attributed to the rock. It is not metaphor or simile because no comparisons are made, and it is not allusion because no reference is made to anything outside of the poem. 

Passage adapted from Charlotte Smith's "Beach Head" (1807)

Analogy, alliteration, symbolism, and quoted speech all occur in the poem. Reported speech does not.

Though the poet doesn’t use quotation marks, the dialogue in the poem is all quoted speech. Reported speech would show altered syntax and pronouns: “For I myself shall like to this decay” would appear as, “She said that she herself would like to that decay.”

Passage adapted from Edmund Spenser's "Sonnet 75" (1594)

Line 4 (“But came the tide, and made my pains his prey”) is an example of personification: describing inanimate objects or abstract concepts as if they were living beings.

Personification can sometimes seem close to simile: here, it’s another way of saying, “The tide was like a predator.” But though the two devices may create similar effects, they have very different forms.

Passage adapted from Edmund Spenser's "Sonnet 75" (1594)

The whole sonnet is an anecdote: a brief recounting of an event. We’re shown the setting, the two characters, and the actions and dialogue that occur between them.

An epigram is a short, witty statement about the nature of life. (For example, William Wordsworth’s observation, “The child is the father of the man.”) An elegy is a formal poem lamenting a death. Satire aims to point out hypocrisy in people’s behavior (e.g., Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal.) It does not usually explore or express genuine emotion (except maybe outrage.) Pastiche is a form that imitates the styles or mannerisms of a previous era.

Passage adapted from Edmund Spenser's "Sonnet 75" (1594)

Personification is not used in the poem: the poet does not ascribe human qualities to a non-human object or animal.

Passage adapted from Eleanor Wylie's "A Madman's Song" (1921)