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PSAT Math : Exponential Ratios and Rational Numbers

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Example Questions

Example Question #3 : How To Find An Exponent From A Rational Number

If a piece of pie is cut into 3 sections, and each of those pieces is further cut into three sections, then those pieces are cut into three sections, how many (tiny) pieces of pie are there?

Possible Answers:

125

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The answer is 3³ = 27

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Example Question #4 : Exponents And Rational Numbers

Solve for .

$\log _{9}x=\frac{1}{2}$

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

$\log _{9}x=\frac{1}{2}$

$x = 9^{\frac{1}{2}}= 3$

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Example Question #1 : How To Find A Rational Number From An Exponent

$Simplify: \frac{\sqrt[3]{81}}{\sqrt[3]{3}}$

Possible Answers:

$\frac{\sqrt[3]{81}}{\sqrt[3]{3}} = \frac{3}{1}= 3$

$\sqrt[3]{\frac{81}{3}}= \sqrt[3]{27}= 3$

$\frac{81}{3}= 27$

$\sqrt[3]{81\star 3}= \sqrt[3]{243} = 6.24$

$\frac{\sqrt[3]{9\star 9}}{\sqrt[3]{9}}= \sqrt[3]{9}$

Correct answer:

$\sqrt[3]{\frac{81}{3}}= \sqrt[3]{27}= 3$

Explanation:

$\frac{\sqrt[3]{81}}{\sqrt[3]{3}} = \sqrt[3]{\frac{81}{3}}= \sqrt[3]{27}= 3$

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Example Question #1 : How To Find A Rational Number From An Exponent

Rationalize the denominator:

$\frac{1}{2-\sqrt{3}}$

Possible Answers:

$\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{7}$

$2+\sqrt{3}$

$2-\sqrt{3}$

$\sqrt{3}$

Correct answer:

$2+\sqrt{3}$

Explanation:

The conjugate of $2-\sqrt{3}$ is $2+\sqrt{3}$ .

Now multiply both the numerator and the denominator by $2+\sqrt{3}$

and you get:

$\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}\left ({2-\sqrt{3}} \right )\left ( 2+\sqrt{3} \right )$

$\left ( 2-\sqrt{3} \right )\left ( 2+\sqrt{3} \right ) =2^{2}-\left ( \sqrt{3} \right )^{2} =4-3 = 1$

Hence we get

$\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{1} = 2+\sqrt{3}$

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Example Question #1 : How To Find A Rational Number From An Exponent

Solve for :

$3^{x-5} = \frac{1}{27}$

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

$3^{x-5}=\frac{1}{27}=3^{-3}$

x-5=-3

x=2

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Example Question #11 : Exponential Ratios And Rational Numbers

Solve for .

$\log _{5}x=2$

Possible Answers:

125

Correct answer:

Explanation:

$log_5{x} = 2$

$x = 5^{2} = 25$

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Example Question #12 : Exponential Ratios And Rational Numbers

If,

$log_a{120}= log_b{120}$

What does a=?

Possible Answers:

ab=10

$\frac{a}{b}= 120$

a=b

b=10

a=10

Correct answer:

a=b

Explanation:

If $log_a{x} = log_b{x}$ ,

then a=b .

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Example Question #4 : How To Find A Rational Number From An Exponent

$\sqrt{x+3} -x = 1$

Possible Answers:

x=1

x=9

x=4

x=13

x=0

Correct answer:

x=1

Explanation:

From the equation in the problem statement

$\sqrt{x+3} = x + 1$

Now squaring both sides we get

$x+3=x^{2}+2x+1$ this is a quadratic equation which equals

$x^{2}+x -2 = 0$

and the factors of this equation are

$\left ( x+2 \right )\left ( x-1 \right )$

This gives us $x=-2\ or\ x=1$ .

However, if we plug these solutions back into the original equation, does not create an equality. Therefore, x=-2 is an extraneous solution.

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Example Question #5 : How To Find A Rational Number From An Exponent

For some positive integer , if x^3=27 , what is the value of (x+2)^3 ?

Possible Answers:

125

Correct answer:

125

Explanation:

If x^3=27 , then must equal 3 (Note that cannot be -3 because you need it to be positive.

Now, plug x=3 into the new equation (x+2)^3 :

=(3+2)^3

=5^3

=125

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PSAT Math : Exponential Ratios and Rational Numbers

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for PSAT Math

All PSAT Math Resources

Example Questions

Example Question #3 : How To Find An Exponent From A Rational Number

Example Question #4 : Exponents And Rational Numbers

Example Question #1 : How To Find A Rational Number From An Exponent

Example Question #1 : How To Find A Rational Number From An Exponent

Example Question #1 : How To Find A Rational Number From An Exponent

Example Question #11 : Exponential Ratios And Rational Numbers

Example Question #12 : Exponential Ratios And Rational Numbers

Example Question #4 : How To Find A Rational Number From An Exponent

Example Question #5 : How To Find A Rational Number From An Exponent

All PSAT Math Resources

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