The sentence implies that William’s words apparently angered some people, even if they would not have angered him. When something (particularly words or speech) provoke anger, they are said to be “inflammatory.” The word has the sense of “setting on fire,” which is obvious from the “-flam-” portion of the word, which is related to “flame.”

The key expression is “small and powerless,” in particular “small.” When something is “diminutive,” it is very small, though when the adjective is applied to words or expressions, it implies the usage of such words either in affection (“darling,” “sweetie”) or as expressing contempt (by treating the other person as being “little” and, by implication, not fully mature). The word is clearly related to English words like “diminish” and “diminution.”

Based on what is stated in the sentence, one cannot say whether or not the current state of friendly exchange is either weak or questionable; however, it can be described as being “unsaid” in the sense of not having an official status in treaties or law. The word “tacit” means “being known without being stated explicitly.” It is related to Latin words for “to be silent.” Someone who speaks very little can be described as being “taciturn.”

The contrast between nouns and verbs is here being expressed as a matter of implying (or not implying) “past, present, or future.” Something is called “temporal” when it is related to time. In older speech, people would speak of “temporal” matters in opposition to “spiritual” ones (that would be “after or outside of time”). The word is related to other time-related words like “temporary” and “extemporaneous.”

The key work for the contrast here is “enduring.” In opposition to “enduring,” one could speak of “passing” things. When something is “temporary,” it only lasts for a “time” and is, therefore, not permanent. (Sometimes, people speak of “temporary employment,” which is the state of being employed only for a limited, contracted time.) The word “temporary” is related to other time-related words such as “temporal” and “extemporaneous.”

The key expression “extreme inflation” indicates that the prices greatly increased. “Inflation” occurs when the money supply increases, causing prices to shift upward. The adjective “astronomically” most properly means “relating to the stars” (as in “astrology” or “astronomy”). It can likewise be used in a metaphoric sense to mean “going as high as the stars” or “in a great amount.”

We can infer that because Jason's creative writing piece was full of overused sayings, we need to pick out a word that means something like "overused" to describe those sayings. Neither "authentic" nor "novel" will do, because each of those words is an antonym to "overused." "Trite" is an adjective that is used of a remark, opinion, or idea and means "overused and consequently of little import; lacking originality or freshness," and because it is the answer choice that best suits the sentence's context, "trite" is the correct answer.

From the sentence's context, we can tell that we need to pick out an adjective that can describe a position of someone who is "face-down," "flat," and "on the floor." Neither "asleep" nor "weak" works given that the sentence's subject "quickly [gets] up" when he sees he has company. "Prone," an adjective that can mean "lying flat, especially face downward," is the best answer choice because it is best suited to the sentence's context.

We can infer from the sentence's context that we need to pick out an adjective that can describe an area that is free of bacteria and microorganisms. "Dirty" cannot be the correct answer because it is an antonym of "free of bacteria and microorganisms." However, "sterile" is an adjective that means " free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; totally clean," and because it best fits the context of the sentence, it is the correct answer.

We can infer that Louis must have been in a bad mood when he had to cancel the plans for the picnic that he had been "looking forward to for weeks," so we need to pick out an adjective for the blank that means something like "snappish" or "in a bad mood." "Polite" cannot be the correct answer because someone who is "snappish" ("irritable and curt") isn't likely to be polite simultaneously. "Morose," however, is an adjective that means "sullen and ill-tempered," and because it best fits the context of the sentence, it is the correct answer.