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Flashcards: Punctuation

One of the most influential niche constructors is the earthworm, an organism found almost everywhere on the planet. A scientist only concerned with evolution would predict that, in order to live on land, earthworms would have to significantly change. Earthworms didn’t change their physiology a great 1 amount, however, instead, they changed the soil to make it more like the ocean in order to survive. Land with earthworms is less compacted, is more nutrient rich, and is better mixed than land without them – leading to monumental changes in the ecosystem.

amount, however; instead,

amount; however, instead,

NO CHANGE

amount - however, instead

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Flashcards: Punctuation

Your answer:

amount; however, instead,

Your answer:

NO CHANGE

Your answer:

amount - however, instead

Correct answer:

amount, however; instead,

Explanation:

This question asks you to differentiate between different types of punctuation used to divide sentences and where to divide those sentences. Because you are linking two complete sentences, you need either a semicolon or a dash, meaning that you can eliminate NO CHANGE. The second question is where to split the sentences. Note that both "however" and "instead" are transition words. Because of this, it doesn't make sense to have them back to back in the same half of the sentence. Instead, you should have a piece of punctuation separating the two transition words. The only answer that does this is "amount, however; instead,", which places a semicolon between "however" and "instead".

Flashcards: Punctuation

Niche constructors are particularly important in colonizing new environments. One of the easiest ways to measure this effect on evolution has been in the effect that the number of earthworms has on soil fertility, a measure of how hospitable an environment is to plant growth. Even the least fertile soil has around 62 worms per square meter, and as the number of worms increases so does soil fertility. As worms move through the different layers of soil, they eat, digest, and excrete massive amounts of organic matter. They leave their excretions behind in the form of nutrient-rich droppings known as casings. As these casings decompose, they release nutrients into the soil. This process not only moves nutrients from one layer of the soil to another but also converts the nutrients to forms that plants can absorb and process more easily. Because it is easier for plants to get the proper nutrients, plants don’t have to invest time and energy into making better root systems to gather nutrients. As a result, plants have, over time, lost some of these 1 mechanisms – a form of evolution.

mechanisms, of which this is a form

mechanisms a form

mechanisms; which is a form

NO CHANGE

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Flashcards: Punctuation

Your answer:

mechanisms, of which this is a form

Your answer:

mechanisms a form

Your answer:

mechanisms; which is a form

Correct answer:

NO CHANGE

Explanation:

This question asks you to choose between types of punctuation at a single point. The best way to do this is generally going to be process of elimination. As it's written in the passage, a dash is used to append a short explanation to the end of a complete sentence. Because this is an acceptable use of a dash it is the correct answer. Choice "mechanisms a form" can be eliminated because it doesn't use any punctuation to add the additional information, leading to an illogical runon. Choice "mechanisms, of which this is a form" is both wordy and redundant and can be eliminated despite the fact that the comma is an acceptable piece of punctuation here. Choice " mechanisms; which is a form" can be eliminated since you can only use a semicolon to separate two complete sentences.

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Flashcards: Punctuation

Flashcards: Punctuation

Flashcards: Punctuation

Flashcards: Punctuation

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Flashcards: Punctuation

Flashcards: Punctuation

Flashcards: Punctuation

Flashcards: Punctuation

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DMCA Complaint

Contact Information

Address

Complaint Details

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