All NCLEX-RN Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #41 : Drug Identification
The home health nurse reviews the types of insulin prescribed to the client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1. Which of the following insulins experiences peak action between 6-12 hours?
Glargine
Lispro
Isophane (NPH)
Regular
Aspart
Isophane (NPH)
It is essential for the nurse to know the onset, peak, and duration of actions for all types of insulin. Rapid-acting insulins lispro and aspart have an onset between 10-30 minutes, peak between 30 min to 3 hours, and have a duration of 3-6 hours. Regular insulin has an onset between 30-60 min, peaks between 1-5 hours, and lasts 6-10 hours. Intermediate-acting insulins isophane (NPH) has an onset between 1-2 hours, peaks between 6-12 hours, and lasts 16-24 hours. Very long-acting insulin glargine has an onset between 3-4 hours, does not peak because it works continuously, and lasts 24 hours.
Example Question #1 : Respiratory Pharmacology
All of the following are examples of adrenergic agonists except __________.
albuterol
terbutaline
salmeterol
tiotropium
tiotropium
Albuterol, terbutaline, and salmeterol are all beta-2 adrenergic agonists. Beta-2 adrenergic agonists stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors, causing smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchial passages.
Tiotropium (trade name Spiriva) is an anticholinergic bronchodilators.
Example Question #131 : Pharmacology
Which of the following is an example of an inhaled steroid used in the treatment of asthma?
Fluticasone
Ipratropium
Salmeterol
Fluticasone
Fluticasone (trade name Flovent) is a synthetic glucocorticoid used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Example Question #2 : Respiratory Pharmacology
What class of drug is montelukast?
Corticosteroid
Long acting beta-2 agonist (LABA)
Anticholinergic bronchodilator
Leukotriene inhibitor
Leukotriene inhibitor
Montelukast is a leukotriene inhibitor. It acts by antagonism of the leukotriene receptor sites in bronchial wall smooth muscle to prevent wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing caused by asthma, and to treat other respiratory issues to promote proper ventilation.
Example Question #131 : Nclex
Each of the following antibiotics works by inhibition of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes except __________.
streptogramin
tetracyclines
macrolides
clindamycin
tetracyclines
Macrolides, streptogramins, and clindamycin all work by inhibition of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Tetracyclines have a similar mechanism of action, but instead affect the 30S unit of bacterial ribosomes.
Example Question #2 : Antimicrobial Pharmacology
Polymyxin antibiotics target what part of the bacterial cellular anatomy?
Nucleic acids
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Polymyxin antibiotics function by interfering with phospholipid function in bacterial cell membranes. After binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane, polymyxins' hydrophobic tail causes damage to both the inner and outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria.
Example Question #3 : Antimicrobial Pharmacology
What is the mechanism of action of amoxicillin?
Interference with the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes
Interference with the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes
Suppression of folate synthesis
Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the formation of cross-links between peptidoglycan polymer chains.
Example Question #1 : Antimicrobial Pharmacology
Which of the following class of antibiotics is associated with ototoxicity and hearing loss?
Aminoglycosides
Quinolones
Beta-lactam antibiotics
Glycopeptides
Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as streptomycin and gentamicin have been associated with vestibular toxicity and hearing loss. Aminoglycosides remain in inner ear fluids longer than serum and can have a latent ototoxic effect, causing hearing loss even after the antibiotic has been discontinued. None of the other antibiotics listed are associated with ototoxicity.
Example Question #1 : Antimicrobial Pharmacology
Ciprofloxacin belongs to what class of antibiotic?
Fluoroquinolones
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Beta lactams
Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics. Other antibiotics in this class include norfloxacin, levofloxacin, and nadifloxacin.
Example Question #6 : Antimicrobial Pharmacology
What is rifampin's mechanism of action?
Inhibition of the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes
Inhibition of DNA gyrase
Disruption of cell membranes
Inhibition of RNA polymerase
Inhibition of RNA polymerase
Rifampin inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by inhibiting RNA polymerase. This prevents the transcription of proteins within the bacterial cell, leading to cell death.