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Example Questions
Example Question #114 : Pharmacology
You are the nurse taking care of a patient who is experiencing a panic attack. You are instructed to give the patient a dose of lorazepam. Which of the drug classes below describes lorazepam?
Benzodiazepine
Beta-blocker
Amphetamine
Alpha-blocker
Barbiturate
Benzodiazepine
The correct answer is "benzodiazepine," as lorazepam, also known as Ativan, is a benzodiazepine drug. Benzodiazepines act by increasing the efficacy of the neurotransmitter, GABA, when it acts upon its particular receptors. They have potent anti-anxiety properties, among other properties, and are frequently given during the initial phase of a panic attack to calm the patient.
On the other hand, the other choices are incorrect. Phenobarbital is an example of a barbiturate. Proproanolol is an example of a beta-blocker. Tamsulosin is an example of an alpha-blocker. Methamphetamine is an example of an amphetamine.
Example Question #1 : Cancer Treatments
Example Question #31 : Drug Identification
5-fluouracil is used to treat which of the following conditions?
Ulcerative colitis
Colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancer
Myasthenia gravis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancer
5-fluouracil is a fluoropyrimidine analog which inhibits translation, synthesis, and function of RNA and DNA, thus slowing down cellular metabolism. It is used in treatment of colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancer, in addition to cancers of the GI and head and neck.
Example Question #34 : Drug Identification
Which of the following laboratory values would indicate toxicity in the client taking acetaminophen daily?
Prothrombin time of 12 seconds
Sodium level of 140 mEq/L
Direct bilirubin level of 2mg/dL
Platelet count of 400,000/mm3
Direct bilirubin level of 2mg/dL
A direct bilirubin level of 2mg/dL or greater indicates acetaminophen toxicity.
Example Question #116 : Pharmacology
The purpose of misoprostol in a client who chronically uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is:
Relief of epigastric pain
Decrease in serum phosphorus level
Increased white blood cell count
Reduction of steatorrhea
Relief of epigastric pain
Misoprostol is used for the prevention of non steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced gastric ulcers. Taking this drug will prevent gastric ulcers and relieve epigastric pain.
Example Question #121 : Nclex
Which of the following analgesics is available in "lollipop" form?
Tramadol
Fentanyl
Hydrocodone
Oxycodone
Fentanyl
Fentanyl citrate comes in solid form on a stick (often referred to as a "fentanyl lollipop"). This form is 80-100 times more potent than morphine and intended for use by cancer patients and patients that have become tolerant to opioids.
Example Question #32 : Drug Identification
Corticosteroid
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Narcotic
Muscle relaxant
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). These drugs work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which reduces the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and thromboxane.
Example Question #2 : Anti Inflammatory And Pain Treatments
Which of the following is an antidote to opioid overdose?
Glucagon
Flumazenil
N-acetylcysteine
Naloxone
Naloxone
Naloxone antidotes opioid overdose by competitively binding to μ-opioid receptors. Flumazenil is an antidote to benzodiazepines. Glucagon is an antidote for beta blocker overdose. N-acetylcysteine is an antidote for acetaminophen.
Example Question #1 : Anti Inflammatory And Pain Treatments
Which of the following over-the-counter analgesics is one of the most common causes of liver failure in the United States?
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Aspirin
Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen in doses over 3000mg per day can result in significant liver damage or liver failure. From 1998 to 2003, acetaminophen was the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States. According to a population-based report in 2007 there are an estimated 1600 cases of acute liver failure in the United States every year, with acetaminophen being the most common etiology.
Example Question #123 : Pharmacology
Levodopa is not generally given alone due to what side effects?
Tremor
Heart palpitations
Delirium
Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia
Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia
Levodopa (L-DOPA), a common treatment for Parkinson's disease, is generally given in combination with carbidopa or another peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor. This is because levodopa alone will stimulate dopamine receptors in the GI tract and the chemotrigger receptor zone (CTZ) in the brain, resulting in nausea, vomiting and anorexia. A peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor prevents levodopa from being prematurely converted into dopamine in the adrenal glands or other peripheral tissues.