NCLEX : General Biology
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for NCLEX
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Example Questions
Example Question #441 : Nclex
Which of the following nutrients can cause hypercalcification in soft tissues when consumed in excess for prolonged periods?
Vitamin D
Niacin
Magnesium
Potassium
Vitamin D
Hypervitaminosis D, or vitamin D toxicity, has been known to cause calcification in soft tissues due to vitamin D's role in calcium absorption and metabolism. None of the other nutrients are as closely related to calcium metabolism, and do not cause hypercalcification in soft tissues when overconsumed.
Example Question #12 : Nutrition
Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency results in the inability to perform which of the following metabolic processes?
Methylation of folate
Methylation of vitamin B12
All of these
Homocysteine remethylation
All of these
Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme with multiple important metabolic roles, including the methylation of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine. MTHFR deletions can result in folate and B12 related anemias and high homocysteine due to interruption of homocysteine recycling into methionine.
Example Question #445 : Nclex
Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
Cysteine
Glutamate
Alanine
Tryptophan
Tryptophan
Essential amino acids are amino acids that can not be synthesized within the body, but must be consumed through the diet. Tryptophan is the only essential amino acid listed. In all, there are 9 essential amino acids.
Example Question #141 : General Biology
All of the following criteria must be taken into account when establishing Daily Reference Intakes (DRI's) except __________.
EAR (Estimated Average Requirements)
RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance)
UL's (Upper Intake Levels)
ADI (Active Daily Intake)
ADI (Active Daily Intake)
All of the criteria listed and AI (Adequate Intake) (not listed) must be taken into account when establishing a Daily Reference Intake (DRI) except for ADI (Active Daily Intake), which is a fictitious criteria.
Example Question #444 : Nclex
Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the human body?
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Potassium
Calcium
The most abundant mineral in the human body is calcium. It is primarily stored in the bones and the teeth, and makes up half of the total weight of the skeleton. In addition, calcium is present in nerves, muscle cells, blood, kidneys, and various other soft tissues of the body.
Example Question #451 : Nclex
What is the formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?
In standard units, the formula for body mass index is:
Example Question #141 : General Biology
Which of the following is considered a normal body mass index (BMI)?
22.9 - 30.5
16.9-22.9
18.5 - 24.9
26.5-32.9
18.5 - 24.9
Normal BMI is considered to be 18.5 - 24.9. A BMI below that would indicate that the individual is underweight, while a higher value may indicate that the individual is overweight.
Example Question #452 : Nclex
A BMI over what value could indicate severe obesity?
38
40
36
34
40
BMI values between 30 and 39.9 indicate obesity, while a BMI over 40 could indicate that the individual is severely obese.
Example Question #21 : Nutrition
Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Vitamin B5
Vitamin B5
Vitamin B5, or pantothenic acid, is the only water-soluble vitamin listed. Vitamins A, E, D, and K are all fat soluble and so should be consumed with fat to be absorbed.
Example Question #452 : Nclex
Which of the following nutrients delays gastric emptying, increases satiety, and lowers LDL cholesterol by interfering with the absorption of dietary cholesterol?
Soluble fiber
Unsaturated fat
Carbohydrates
Insoluble fiber
Soluble fiber
Soluble fiber, present in oat bran, barley, nuts, seeds, and legumes, delays gastric emptying, increases satiety, and lowers LDL cholesterol by interfering with the absorption of dietary cholesterol. Insoluble fiber passes through the gastrointestinal tract relatively intact, provides bulk for stool, and reduces bowel transit time. Carbohydrates and unsaturated will not lower LDL cholesterol or delay gastric emptying, though they will increase satiety.
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