NCLEX : Excretory Physiology

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for NCLEX

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Example Questions

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Example Question #11 : Excretory Physiology

Which of the following is a function of the kidney?

Possible Answers:

All of these are functions of the kidney

Elimination of metabolic waste

Production of erythropoietin

Regulation of systemic pH

Correct answer:

All of these are functions of the kidney

Explanation:

The kidneys serve a wide variety of functions.They eliminate waste, including nitrogenous wastes such as urea and ammonium. They regulate systemic pH via resorption of bicarbonate from urine and excretion of hydrogen ions, and regulate blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin system (also known as the RAAS). In addition, the interstitial cells of the kidney are responsible for production of erythropoietin, the hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells.

Example Question #12 : Excretory Physiology

The internal anal sphincter is __________, while the external anal sphincter is __________.

Possible Answers:

voluntary . . . voluntary

involuntary . . . involuntary

involuntary . . . voluntary

voluntary . . . involuntary

Correct answer:

involuntary . . . voluntary

Explanation:

The internal anal sphincter is a ring of involuntary smooth muscle that spends the majority of its time in a state of perpetual contraction. It relaxes only when the rectal ampulla is distended. Passage of stool is then controlled by the voluntary constriction of the external anal sphincter.

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