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Example Question #11 : Excretory Physiology
Which of the following is a function of the kidney?
Regulation of systemic pH
Elimination of metabolic waste
Production of erythropoietin
All of these are functions of the kidney
All of these are functions of the kidney
The kidneys serve a wide variety of functions.They eliminate waste, including nitrogenous wastes such as urea and ammonium. They regulate systemic pH via resorption of bicarbonate from urine and excretion of hydrogen ions, and regulate blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin system (also known as the RAAS). In addition, the interstitial cells of the kidney are responsible for production of erythropoietin, the hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells.
Example Question #12 : Excretory Physiology
The internal anal sphincter is __________, while the external anal sphincter is __________.
voluntary . . . voluntary
involuntary . . . involuntary
involuntary . . . voluntary
voluntary . . . involuntary
involuntary . . . voluntary
The internal anal sphincter is a ring of involuntary smooth muscle that spends the majority of its time in a state of perpetual contraction. It relaxes only when the rectal ampulla is distended. Passage of stool is then controlled by the voluntary constriction of the external anal sphincter.
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