NCLEX : Pediatric Conditions
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Example Questions
Example Question #41 : Pediatric Conditions
You are the nurse taking care of a 19-year old patient at a primary care clinic who complains of fever, tonsillar exudates, tender anterior cervical lymph nodes, and a sore throat without a cough. How many of the Centor criteria for streptococcal pharyngitis does this patient exhibit?
Four
One
Three
Two
None of these
Four
The correct answer is "4." This is correct because the patient exhibits four out of the four Centor criteria for streptococcal pharyngitis. The Centor criteria are as follows:
1) Tonsillar exudates
2) Lack of cough
3) Fever
4) Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
The Centor criteria are used to generate a score based upon the patient's age and number of positive criteria. This score can then be used to assess the likelihood that the patient's condition is due to streptococcal pharyngitis, and therefore to guide the decision of whether or not to treat with antibiotics for streptococcal pharyngitis. In this patient's case, since they are older than 14 and younger than 45, they do not gain or lose points for their age. They get four points total for having all of the positive criteria. Therefore, it is highly likely that they are infected with streptococcal pharyngitis and should be treated empirically with antibiotics.
Example Question #114 : Conditions And Treatments
The pediatric nurse is counseling a mother/baby couplet who are having trouble breastfeeding. The baby is showing poor suck and falling asleep at the breast. Which of the following is not an appropriate intervention?
Feed the infant according to infant's cues
Feed the baby every three hours until they become in-sync with the pattern
Play with the feet of the newborn while feeding
Gently caress or rub the head of the infant
Unswaddle and undress the baby prior to placing at breast
Feed the baby every three hours until they become in-sync with the pattern
When presented with an infant showing poor suck, it is important to feed when cues are given. The infant will suck best when hungry. However, a breast-fed infant should not go more than 3 hours between routine feedings in order to establish healthy weight gain. Feeding every 3 hours regardless of cue is less advisable. Unswaddling, undressing, and stimulating the infant can sometimes aid in keeping them awake and sucking well at the breast.
Example Question #922 : Nclex
Individuals who contracted varicella zoster (chicken pox) in childhood may experience which of the following if the virus is reactivated later in life?
Orchitis
Scarlet fever
Rheumatic fever
Shingles
Shingles
A common sequela of varicella is shingles, a painful rash caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus along the single dermatome that corresponds with the site of initial infection. Rheumatic fever and scarlet fever are both possible sequelae of streptococcus infection, and orchitis is a potential sequela or co-morbidity of infection with the mumps virus.
Example Question #923 : Nclex
At what point is a child with varicella no longer contagious?
By the time the lesions are visible, the child is no longer contagious
After the last lesion has broken open and crusted over
After the last lesion is no longer visible
7 days after the initial presentation
After the last lesion has broken open and crusted over
Varicella is a highly contagious infectious disease of childhood. It is no longer contagious when the last lesion has broken open and crusted over. Until then the virus can be spread via respiratory droplets, by contact with the saliva of an infected child, or by touching an unbroken blister or the fluid within a blister.
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