The use of the words "critical" and "scathing" (harsh, critical, attacking) provide you with the necessary information to solve this problem. Newspaper articles usually should contain no bias or strong judgment, except in "editorials" in which a newspaper's editor is free to express subjectivity and opinion. If the article was "critical" and "scathing" it must have been an editorial. 

You are told that the subject of this sentence was "suffering dramatically" in the heat. The correct answer must therefore reflect that intensity. "Sweltering" means extremely and uncomfortably hot. To provide further help, "obdurate" means stubborn; "frivolous" means pointless; "nimble" means agile, flexible and capable of quick movement; "ambidextrous" means equally skilled at using either the right or left hand. 

If the girl kept "turning heads" it makes sense that she looked beautiful, attractive, or "gorgeous." To provide further help, "chivalrous" means noble, honorable; "frantic" means rushed, stressed; "vengeful" means seeking revenge for some wrong done to you; "grumpy" means in a bad mood, moody. 

If the author is "thankful" and the girl made a "complete recovery" then the poison must not have been deadly, likely to cause death, or "lethal." To provide further help, "superb" means excellent; "paltry" means small, an insufficiently little amount of something; "hilarious" means very funny; "muddled" means confused.

In this sentence you are told that the student will stop at nothing to get what he wants. He is willing to work hard and has goals in mind that drive him forward. He is therefore "ambitious." "Ambitious" means driven, determined to reach certain goals. To provide further help, "selfless" means not selfish, generous; "apathetic" means uncaring; "quarrelsome" means argumentative, inclined towards fighting; "loquacious" means talkative.

If the subject had to call his father for help it makes sense that he found the instructions too difficult to understand. The correct answer then is "complex," which means consisting of many different parts and very hard to understand. To provide further help the other four answers are all antonyms of "complex," they all mean easy, easy to understand.

Based on the context of this sentence you are looking for something that matches with a "wet" day in which someone might be inspired not to get out of bed by the terrible weather. The correct answer then is "dreary" which means dull, uninspiring, and depressing. To provide further help, "lustrous" means shiny; "voracious" means not easily satisfied, greedy, having an immense desire to eat; "perpetual" means lasting forever; "coherent" means able to be understood.

The author is talking about his "failings" so it makes sense that his memory of them would be exasperating, annoying, or frustrating. These words are all synonyms of "vexed," which means annoyed by, confused and frustrated by. Additionally, "encouraged" means supported; "implored" means begged, urged; "beckoned" means summoned, called someone towards; "refuted" means argued against, disputed, proved wrong. 

The dogs in the shelter are "sick and malnourished" (under-fed), so it makes sense that they would have been treated with a lack of compassion, with cruelty. So, the correct answer is "inhumane," which means without compassion, cruel, malicious. Additionally, "posthumous" means after death; "perpetual" means eternal, lasting forever; "convoluted" means complex and hard to understand; "expensive" means costing a lot of money.

This sentence expresses a kind of intensification in its comparison of Laura and Paula. Paula apparently wants to kill every last bug in the house. A great word for this would be "exterminate," but that option is not given. The word "eradicate" expresses this notion of totally killing as well.  (Hence, it is better than "kill" or "destroy.") The word "eradicate" comes from Latin bases that mean, to take out the roots. Imagine if you were to rip out the roots of a tree. This would involve totally eliminating the tree.