Given that this man held a high opinion of himself and thought less of those around him, it makes most sense to select "contempt" as the correct answer, as "contempt" means disdain or disregard. "Benevolence," which means kindness or generosity, makes little sense in this context, along with "insouciance," which means unconcern. "Frustration" and "vitriol," which means harsh commentary, are only indirectly related.

Here, the idea is that Harold claims something, while the opposite is true. Therefore, we would say that his claim has no merit, truth, or basis, so we need to pick out an answer choice that means something like merit. "Acclaim" might initially appear to be the correct answer because "acclaim" means praise or acclamation and we can infer from the sentence tells us that Harold's novel had no acclaim, the sentence's main concern is Harold's claims about his novel, not the novel itself. The best answer choice for the blank is "foundation," which means the basis or groundwork of something. As for the other answer choices, "publicity" means exposure in the media, "argument" means a dispute, and "novelty" means newness or originality.

We know that the gorge was created from the forces of water and rain, so we need to pick out a noun that refers to these forces. "Precipitation" and "condensation" may each look like a potentially correct answer, as "precipitation" means "rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground," and "condensation" means "water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it." However, "erosion" is the best possible answer choice because erosion specifically means "the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents," where "erode" refers to the process by which wind, water, or other natural agents "gradually wear away soil, rock, or land." Because "erosion" is best suited to the specific context of the sentence, "erosion" is the correct answer.

Most of the incorrect options for this question go far beyond what can be inferred from the context of the sentence. We are only told that the lamp makes the room "visible." Indeed, its small size is contrasted to the amount of visibility it makes possible. Lamps provide visibility by providing light—that is, by providing "illumination." The other options all imply something else that might or might not be the case.

The only thing implied by this sentence is that the scientists want to set up some means of sending messages or signals to the Mars station. The only really tempting wrong answer should be "substations," but this word really applies to electrical grids, not communications. The word "transmit" means send across—as in to "send across the airwaves" or, in our case, the "space." The prefix "trans-" means across, as is seen in words like "translate" and "transfer." The "-mit" portion is related to the "miss-" found in "mission."  A mission is a "sending" of someone for a purpose.

Be careful not to assume too much with regard to the means by which the country apparently made changes regarding animal rights. Since there are two options that are very close in meaning, "legislation" and "regulation," you should immediately be suspicious that such answers are not correct. Indeed, they are not, for we have no information that can justify choosing one over the other. The most we can say is that the country went from stagnation with regard to animal rights—that is, from doing nothing with regard to it—to protecting some animals. Such a change is some sort of "progress", even if we do not know the exact means of that progress.

The sentence tells you that the United States was a “young nation” which suggests that the nation was in its “infancy.” “Infancy” means the quality of being an infant and an “infant” is a baby. To provide further help, “truancy” is absence; “latency” is hidden potential; “supremacy” means dominance; “adequacy” means being sufficient, being good enough. 

We know that Katie's coat can be worn in a variety of different ways, so we should pick out a noun that reflects its range of uses. "Honesty" has nothing to do with the sentence, and neither does "geniality" ("friendliness") or "cooperation." We can tell from the sentence's context that the coat is not simple because it can be worn in so many different ways, so that leaves us with "versatility." Since "versatility" means "the ability to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities," it fits the sentence's context perfectly and is the correct answer.

"Candor" means frankness, or the quality of being honest in expression. After the disappointment of dishonest candidates, someone with "candor," or honesty, would be refreshing.

Because the juggler was able to "[keep] six sharp knives twirling in the air without injuring himself," we can infer that he was very nimble. So, we need to pick out a noun that means something like "nimbleness." "Strength" and "speed" might each look like a potentially correct answer, but the best answer choice is "dexterity," a noun which means "skill in performing tasks, especially with the hands," or in other words, "readiness and grace in physical activity; especially : skill and ease in using the hands." So, because "dexterity" best describes the juggler's skill, "dexterity" is the correct answer.