The word "substitute" can be used as a noun, a verb, or an adjective. In general, it means to replace. As a noun, it means a replacement. When you have a "substitute teacher," this means that the person is standing in for another teacher, replacing him or her.

The word "sympathy" comes from Greek roots that literally mean to suffer with.... Thus, when you "have sympathy" for someone, you try to share in his or her feelings. For example, you could say, "The old man had sympathy for his neighbor whose wife recently died. His own wife had died recently, and he understood his neighbor's pain." This kind of "suffering with someone else" is a kind of concern or care.

A "procedure" is a process for accomplishing some task. It applies to any set of steps that we take to do something. Thus, there can be a procedure for building a desk but also a procedure for filling out a form. The best option is the simple word "process". Although we can explain what a procedure is, the procedure itself is not the explanation.  It is the activity of making or doing the thing.

When something is an exception, it stands out from the regular manner of things.  Some times, we speak of "exceptional circumstances."  Thus, when someone has has lost his job, that person's mood might be very bad.  However, we tend to forgive this, for we know that he is "not his regular self."  He is experiencing exceptional circumstances.  Thus, something that is exceptional is "not regular."  Clearly, the best option that matches this is "irregularity."  An "irregularity" is something that is irregular.

When we "critique" something, we give an honest evaluation of it. Often, we think of criticism as being harsh. When someone gives a criticism of our work, it can feel like they are being nasty. There is, however, such a thing as constructive criticism. This kind of criticism involves evaluating something and suggesting ways that it could be improved. This kind of criticism does not have to be nasty. Thus, "evaluation" is an acceptable synonym for "criticism."

The word "trial" has several meanings. It can mean attempt, as when we talk about a "trial run." This is a first attempt before we actually do something. We can have a trial run of a new machine to see if it works well enough. A "trial" can also be a difficulty. Have you ever heard someone speak of something that is "trying"? It is in this sense that "trial" can mean "difficult."

For this question, you need to match the intensity of "fury." Whenever we are "furious," we are not merely annoyed. We are very angry. Therefore, the best answer is "rage." When we speak of someone's "rage," we are talking about his or her extreme anger.

The "consequences" of an action are the results that happen because of that action. Interestingly, the word comes from roots that literally mean what follows after something else. We most often think of negative consequences. Hence, the option "punishment" is likely tempting; however, "consequences" are better called "outcomes"—there can be positive as well as negative consequences. This is the best option among those provided.

"Debacle" means a total and complete failure. Therefore, the closest word to this would be a "disaster." A disaster would be considered a failure.