Human Anatomy and Physiology : Immune System

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Example Questions

Example Question #11 : Immune System

Endothelial cell retraction involves which of the following?

Possible Answers:

Il-1

TNF-alpha

Neutrophils

Histamine

Correct answer:

Histamine

Explanation:

During endothelial cell retraction, gaps form between the cells as their cytoskeletons are rearranged to decrease the cell's area. This is a result of histamine, which causes increased vascular permeability; endothelial cell retraction allows fluids to pass between the cells, contributing to the inflammatory effects of histamine.

Example Question #12 : Immune System

Which of the following tests best detects antigens in serum?

Possible Answers:

DNA microarray

Precipitation test

Agglutination test

ELISA test

Correct answer:

ELISA test

Explanation:

An ELISA test would best look at antigens present in serum by using secondary antibodies to bind to antigen-antibody complex and change color, showing if an antigen is present. DNA microarray would just show genes activated. Precipitation and agglutination reactions are not as sensitive as ELISA.

Example Question #13 : Immune System

Which type of white blood cell releases histamine and heparin?

Possible Answers:

Eosinophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

Basophil

Neutrophil

Correct answer:

Basophil

Explanation:

Neutrophils are responsible for destroying bacteria, eosinophils respond to parasitic worms and allergens, lymphocytes destroy cancerous or infected cells, and monocytes phagocytize pathogens and debris.

Example Question #13 : Immune System

Which of the following cells is stimulated to release histamine?

Possible Answers:

Mast cell

Neutrophil

Macrophage

Natural killer cell

Correct answer:

Mast cell

Explanation:

Mast cell functions in allergic responses by release histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation. Macrophages are part of the innate immune system and function to engulf and remove debris. Neutrophils are also part of the innate immune system and have macrophagic properties, especially when fighting bacterial infection. Natural killer cells bind to and destroy pathogens without the use of antigens.

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