Human Anatomy and Physiology : Adaptive Immunity
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Example Question #31 : Adaptive Immunity
Antibodies carry out which of the following functions?
Directly kills a host cell
Coats the antigen for destruction
Releases cytokines
Directly kills an invading cell
Coats the antigen for destruction
Antibodies are part of humoral immunity. The humoral pathway protects against extracellular pathogens. Antibodies are produced and secreted by B lymphocytes (B cells). They recognize free antigens, initiate activation of other immune cells, and coat the antigen for destruction (which may or may not be cellular).
Example Question #441 : Systems Physiology
A patient has AB positive blood. Which of the following blood types, if transfused, would cause agglutination?
AB negative
O negative
B negative
A positive
None of these
None of these
An AB positive patient is known as a universal recipient because they can receive blood from any blood type. The recipient's antibodies are what will attack foreign antigens. Type AB positive patients produce no antibodies, because any antibody produced would attack their own antigens, causing agglutination. Because type AB patients patients do not produce antibodies, they cannot attack any antigens and they can receive any blood type.
Example Question #442 : Systems Physiology
Which of the following is a key difference between the innate and the adaptive immune systems?
The innate immune system can fight cancers and autoimmune reactions, while the adaptive immune system can only fight bacteria
The adaptive immune system fights antigens at a more efficient rate during subsequent exposures after the first
The adaptive immune system utilizes T-cells, whereas the innate immune system utilizes B-cells
The innate immune system cannot attack antigens that it does not recognize
The adaptive immune system fights bacteria, while the innate immune system fights viruses
The adaptive immune system fights antigens at a more efficient rate during subsequent exposures after the first
The two types of immune reactions found in the human body are the innate and adaptive immune systems. The innate immune system is the first defense for common antigens that enter the body, and will respond to any and all foreign antigens that it detects. The adaptive immune system utilizes antibodies to fight antigens that reappear in the body during subsequent exposures, and allows the system to more uniquely attack the specific antigen. Both systems can respond to a variety of different pathogens, including bacteria and viruses.
Example Question #442 : Systems Physiology
Which of the following organs is not involved in the immune response?
Bone marrow
Thymus
Heart
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Heart
The heart is the only organ listed that is not involved in the immune response. The thymus is the site of T-cell maturation, while bone marrow is the site of B-cell maturation. The lymph nodes and spleen are sites of blood filtration to ensure that there are no pathogens in the system.
Example Question #444 : Systems Physiology
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?
Memory component
General response to an invasion
Produces antibodies
Takes a week or two to develop
Differentiates between foreign and self cells
General response to an invasion
The innate immune system is the general, non-specific response to pathogens. It does not involve a memory component. The adaptive immune system is the more complex, specific response to pathogens. The adaptive immune system takes longer to develop, is able to discriminate between self cells and non self cells, and has a memory component so the second reaction is a quicker response to infection.
Example Question #445 : Systems Physiology
Where does the processing and maturation of T-lymphocytes occur?
Blood
Bone marrow
Spleen
Thyroid
Thymus
Thymus
The thymus is one of two primary lymphoid tissues and is the site of T cell processing, and maturation. These cells are sometimes referred to as thymocytes. The bone marrow is the other primary lymphoid tissue and is the site of B cell maturation.
Example Question #446 : Systems Physiology
Which is an organ of the immune system?
Spleen
Stomach
Heart
Liver
Gallbladder
Spleen
Tissues of the immune system are classified as central (primary) or peripheral (secondary). Peripheral tissues initiate adaptive immune responses. Peripheral lymphoid organs include: lymph nodes, spleen, and the mucosal and cutaneous immune systems (ex: peyers patches in the gastrointestinal tract).
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