When the nucleus propulsus inside an intervertebral disk protrudes through a weakened area of the annulus fibrosus, the ability of that disk to respond to torsion forces is severely compromised. Further, the protruding nucleus itself puts pressure on the vertebrae, resulting in a "compressed" or herniated disk. This can impact nearby nerves, resulting in radiating pain, weakness, and numbness or tingling.

Injury to the lateral thigh area could result in injury to the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, which is associated with L2-L3.

L1 is associated with the ilio-inguinal nerve, located in the genital region. Both the obturator and femoral nerves are associated with L2-L4. 

The annular ligament of the radius stabilizes the radial head against the capitellum of the humerus. If this ligament is lax or damaged, the head of the radius can dislocate, leading to "nursemaid's elbow". This injury is most common in young children. The sternoclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments do not articulate with the elbow, rather they are superior to the elbow, at the shoulder. The collateral ligaments of the elbow stabilize the joint but are not subject to the subluxation indicated in nursemaid's elbow.

The serratus anterior holds the scapula tight to the posterior wall of the chest. Damage to it, and especially to the thoracic nerve (descending from the axilla) causes this muscle to become paralyzed. Because of this, the scapula can project posteriorly from the back when actions such as pushing against a wall are performed.

The obturator nerve can be  damaged in car accidents, abdominal surgeries. It descends thru the pelvis to innervate the medial side of the thigh and adductor muscles of the thigh (external obturator, adductors longus, brevis, magnus and gracilis muscles). Adduction is movement of  an extremity closer to the midline of the body. Abduction is the reverse of adduction.

An indirect inguinal hernia is a congenital processes, where the bowel and peritoneum move through a patent processus vaginalis into the scrotum. In an indirect inguinal hernia the protrusion passes through the inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. Males are significantly more likely than females to develop indirect inguinal hernias.

Direct inguinal hernias are loops of gut that enter through a weak point in the abdominal wall fascia. In direct inguinal hernias the defect is medial to the inferior epigastric vessels. Males are also significantly more likely to develop direct inguinal hernias. 

The peel-back mechanism refers to the torsional force that the long head of the biceps brachii places on the glenoid labrum, during shoulder abduction and end-range external rotation. This movement is common in baseball and other overhead sports. While the long head of the triceps brachii, the supraspinatus, and subscapularis are important for overhead shoulder stability, they do not contribute to the peel-back mechanism.

The lateral ligament of the ankle, which connects the fibula to the bones of the foot, is much weaker than the medial/deltoid ligament. For this reason, the lateral ligament is injured much more often in an ankle twist.

The supinator muscle is innervated by the radial nerve and functions to supinate the forearm. The biceps brachii muscle also helps supinate the forearm and is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.

The median nerve and ulnar nerve mostly serve to innervate the muscle of the hand and wrist. The axillary nerve innervates the teres minor and deltoid.

The anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) is a motor branch of the median nerve that innervates the flexor pollicus longus, pronator quadratus, and the radial half of flexor digitorum profundus. Injury to the AIN results in weakness of the pincer function of the thumb and index fingers. When asked to make an "OK sign, people with an AIN injury make a triangle instead.