Human Anatomy and Physiology : Help with Evaluation Methods for the Immune System
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Help With Evaluation Methods For The Immune System
Name the protein most directly involved leukocyte rolling during diapedesis.
CD31
ICAMs
Integrins
Selectins
Selectins
Selectins are most involved in the process of leukocyte rolling—or diapedesis—while ICAMs and integrins are involved in leukocyte firm and CD31 is involved in leukocyte transmigration.
Example Question #11 : Immune System
Endothelial cell retraction involves which of the following?
Neutrophils
TNF-alpha
Il-1
Histamine
Histamine
During endothelial cell retraction, gaps form between the cells as their cytoskeletons are rearranged to decrease the cell's area. This is a result of histamine, which causes increased vascular permeability; endothelial cell retraction allows fluids to pass between the cells, contributing to the inflammatory effects of histamine.
Example Question #11 : Immune System
Which of the following tests best detects antigens in serum?
ELISA test
Precipitation test
DNA microarray
Agglutination test
ELISA test
An ELISA test would best look at antigens present in serum by using secondary antibodies to bind to antigen-antibody complex and change color, showing if an antigen is present. DNA microarray would just show genes activated. Precipitation and agglutination reactions are not as sensitive as ELISA.
Example Question #12 : Immune System
Which type of white blood cell releases histamine and heparin?
Eosinophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Basophil
Neutrophil
Basophil
Neutrophils are responsible for destroying bacteria, eosinophils respond to parasitic worms and allergens, lymphocytes destroy cancerous or infected cells, and monocytes phagocytize pathogens and debris.
Example Question #1 : Help With Evaluation Methods For The Immune System
Which of the following cells is stimulated to release histamine?
Natural killer cell
Mast cell
Neutrophil
Macrophage
Mast cell
Mast cell functions in allergic responses by release histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation. Macrophages are part of the innate immune system and function to engulf and remove debris. Neutrophils are also part of the innate immune system and have macrophagic properties, especially when fighting bacterial infection. Natural killer cells bind to and destroy pathogens without the use of antigens.
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