The pronator quadratus's only action is pronation of the forearm. 

The supinator does just what is says, supinates the forearm. 

The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle functions as an extensor and adductor of the hand at the wrist joint. It is part of the extensor group of muscles of the forearm and originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and posterior border of the ulna. It inserts into the fifth metacarpal.

Large muscles of the upper extremity would include muscles that move the upper arm and may have various directional fibers having different actions. An example of such a muscle is the deltoid; its lateral fibers abduct the arm at the shoulder joint, the anterior fibers flex and medially rotate the arm, and the posterior fibers flex and laterally rotate the arm. 

The human vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae. The lumbar vertebrae at the base of the spine are thickest and bear most of the weight of the trunk. The bottom 5 sacral vertebrae and 4 coccygeal vertebrae are fused. Both sets of fused vertebrae comprise two different bones, the sacrum and the coccyx respectively. The 12 thoracic vertebrae contain facets on the bodies and on the transverse processes (except T11 and T12) for articulation with the ribs.

The carpals and metacarpals make up the wrist and the body of the hand, respectively. The tarsals and metatarsals make up the ankle and the body of the foot, respectively. The phalanges are the bones of the fingers and toes.

The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus, and so if it is constricted, the blood pressure behind it will increase. The raise in blood pressure will result in an increase in hydrostatic pressure, pushing additional fluid through the glomerulus i.e elevated glomerular filtration rate. While high hydrostatic pressure does cause damage to the nephron, the nephron rupturing is too extreme of a statement and requires assumptions that are not necessarily valid.

The top two cervical vertebrae (C1 and C2) are responsible for allowing the head to move in a nodding motion, as well as side to side. The atlas is the first cervical vertebra (C1), and attaches to the occipital condyles in order to allow a nodding motion. The axis is the second cervical vertebra (C2) and allows for twisting motion from side to side.

The thoracic vertebrae are located in the trunk and allow for twisting motion, and some bending (though this is mostly allowed by the lumbar region). The sacrum is located inferior to the lumbar vertebrae and does not substantially contribute to movement.

There are 33 vertebrae in the human body: 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 (fused) sacral vertebrae, 3-4 (fused) coccygeal vertebrae.

The spinous processes of the vertebrae largely dictate their range of motion and ability to interlock with adjacent vertebrae. Cervical vertebrae have short, bifid (split) spinous processes to facilitate a wide range of movement. The neck is capable of twisting, nodding, and lateral deviation. Thoracic vertebrae have long spinous processes that point to the inferior and align with the vertebra immediately inferior. This promotes anterior concavity, allowing the motion of bending forward. Lumbar vertebrae have shorter posterior spinous processes that do not interact with adjacent vertebrae. This allows for twisting motions, as well as anterior and posterior concavity. Next to the cervical vertebrae, the lumbar vertebrae have the largest range of articulation.