All High School Physics Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #11 : Understanding The Relationship Between Force And Acceleration
What force is required produce an acceleration of on an object of mass ?
Newton's second law states that:
We are given the mass of the object and the acceleration. Using these values, we can solve for the necessary force.
Example Question #13 : Forces
A car moves with a constant velocity of . What is the net force on the car?
We need to know the mass of the car in order to solve
We need to know the frictional forces in order to solve
If an object is moving with constant velocity, then its acceleration must be zero.
We can then look at Newton's second law. If the acceleration is zero, then the net force must also be zero.
This means that the gravitational force and normal force cancel out, and the propulsion force of the car cancels out the force of friction. Forces may still be acting in respective directions, but the net sum of these forces is zero.
Example Question #11 : Understanding The Relationship Between Force And Acceleration
Two dogs pull on a bone in opposite directions. If the first dog pulls with a force of to the left and the other pulls with a force of in the opposite direction, what will be the acceleration on the bone?
We need to know the masses of the dogs in order to solve
First we need to find the net force, which will be equal to the sum of the forces on the bone.
Since the forces are going in opposite directions, we know that one force will be negative (since force is a vector). Conventionally, right is assigned a positive directional value. The force to the left will be negative.
From here we can use Newton's second law to expand the force and solve for the acceleration, using the mass of the bone.
Example Question #1 : Understanding Normal Force
Which law proves that the normal force on an object will always be perpendicular to the surface it is on and that the formula will be ?
Newton's first law
Newton's third law
The second law of thermodynamics
None of these laws
Newton's second law
Newton's third law
Newton's third law says that for every force, there is an equal and opposite force: for an object on a non-inclined plane, the force of gravity is straight down and the normal force is straight up.
(For non-inclined planes, still works, just use for your as the cosine of is .)
In non-mathematical terms, the normal force is what keeps us from sinking into the ground: we experience the force of gravity and yet we aren't sucked into the Earth's crust. Why? Because the object we stand upon provides an equal but opposite force on our feet.
This principle still applies to objects on an inclined plane. As the angle of the plane increases, the force of gravity is divided. Gravity causes the object to travel downward and horizontally along the plane's surface. The normal force must still counteract the downward portion of gravity, but will be less than the total gravitational force since the object is sliding horizontally. This requires us to use the cosine term to reduce the total normal force. Eventually, if the angle of incline increases enough, we would be taking , which is zero; if the object is in free fall (the plane is vertical), then there is no normal force.
Example Question #1 : Specific Forces
An object is lying at rest on a table. If the object has a mass of , what is the normal force acting upon the object?
The normal force on an object at rest on a flat surface is equal to the gravitational force on that object. In equation form, that means .
Use Newton's second law () to solve for the gravitational force, using acceleration due to gravity as your .
As normal force is the opposite of the gravitational force, we can see that .
Example Question #2 : Specific Forces
A man attempts to lift a box with a force of . What is the normal force acting on the box while the man is lifting?
Give your answer with the correct number of significant figures.
Looking at our given values, we can see that each term only has one significant figure, since zeroes in front of the decimal are not significant. We can immediately determine that our answer will also have one significant figure however, to maintain accuracy, we will only round for precision after the final calculation.
The normal force acting on box is equal and opposite to the weight of the box. When the box is on a level surface, this term is equal to the force of gravity.
Use our given mass and the acceleration due to gravity to solve for the normal force of the box.
This value is equal to the total upward force on the box to counter its weight. When the man is lifting the box, he accommodates part of this upward force, lessening the normal force.
Find the final normal force by subtracting the force from the man from the total upward force.
Our given numbers only allow for one significant figure, so we must round down.
Example Question #4 : Understanding Normal Force
If an object at rest on a table weighs , what force does the table exert on the object?
Normal force is defined as the force that a surface exerts on an object. If the object is at rest, net force on the object is equal to zero; therefore, the downward force (weight) must be equal to the upward force (normal force).
Since weight acts in the downward direction it will be negative. The total sum of the forces must be zero, in order for the object to be at rest.
This is also in accordance with Newton's third law, which suggests that the normal force will be equal and opposite the force of weight.
Example Question #1 : Specific Forces
A wooden cube is resting on a table. The cube has a mass of 100kg. What is the magnitude and direction of the normal force?
Normal force is the force that the table pushes onto the block. If the force on the block from gravity is pushing the block downward, then the normal force has to push straight upward to keep the block at rest. Since the block is not moving, these two forces must be equal and opposite to produce a net force of zero.
Since normal force is pushing upward, it will be positive. (The force of gravity would be negative).
Example Question #1 : Specific Forces
A box sits on a ramp at an incline of 30 degrees. If the box has a weight of 50N, what is the normal force experienced by the box?
The correct answer is 43N. Since the box is on an incline, normal force balances with the component of gravity that is perpendicular to the surface of the incline.
Note that the normal force is in the upward (positive) direction, while gravitational acceleration and the force of gravity are in the downward (negative) direction.
We are given the weight of the box (note that it will be downward and, therefore, negative):
Use this to solve for the normal force.
Example Question #1 : Understanding Normal Force
Normal force always acts __________.
along the vertical axis
perpendicular to the contact surface
directly upwards
opposite of gravity
perpendicular to the contact surface
Normal force always acts perpendicular to the contact surface. It can act counter to gravity or to any other force that pushes an object against a surface.
Think of normal force as the force that keeps a surface solid; without normal force, an object would pass right through a surface. With this in mind, consider a book that you push against a wall in the horizontal direction such that it is in equilibrium and does not slide down the wall. In this case, normal force is acting counter to your pushing force along the horizontal axis and perpendicular to the force of gravity. Another example is any object placed on an inclined plane; in this system the normal force will act perpendicular to the incline and will only counter a portion of the gravitational force.