Autism spectrum disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder that includes all of the following: deficits in social communication and interactions and restrictive or repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities. In order for a diagnosis to be made, symptoms must be present early in development and cause impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. "Excessive distress upon separation from attachment figures" is one of the criteria for separation anxiety disorder, and does not fit with the criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Separation anxiety disorder involves excessive anxiety about actual or possible separation from a major attachment figure, like a parent. 

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, and/or negative symptoms. Joe is experiencing hallucinations in which he hears voices that are not actually there. Bryan is experiencing a delusion of reference, where he believes that the television is falsely referencing him. Peter is displaying disorganized speech. Jason is experiencing negative symptoms, including anhedonia, lack of motivation, and poverty of speech. Mark would be least likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia. His symptoms are more consistent with antisocial personality disorder, which is a disregard and violation of the rights of others. 

While many Bipolar I patients do experience paranoia in their manic states, the hypomanic periods experienced by Bipolar II patients is characterized by a reduced severity of manic symptoms and an absence of any psychotic symptoms (including paranoia).

Aphasia is a class of language disorders that affect a person's ability to communicate. In Broca's aphasia, damage to Broca's area in the left frontal lobe impairs a person's ability to speak (though their capabilities of understanding speech are not affected); in Wernicke's aphasia, damage to Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe impairs a person's ability to correctly choose the words they wish to say (though their physical capabilities of speech are unaffected).

Negative symptoms are defined as the absence of feelings, thoughts or behaviors that are present in healthy individuals. Delusions, on the other hand, are a positive symptom of mental illness- something that healthy individuals do not experience.

In order to be diagnosed with depression, you need to exhibit a certain number of diagnostic criteria. Change in sleep (insomnia or hypersomnia), suicidal thoughts and plans, and loss of interest in things you previously found interesting are among the criteria. Though anxiety is often co-morbid with depression, it is not one of the diagnostic criteria listed in the DSM-5.

Prosopagnosia is also known as face blindness. It results from head trauma or degenerative diseases. One symptom indicative of this disorder is the patient’s reliance on non-facial cues, such as hair, clothing, or accessories, to distinguish between individuals' faces.

All of the listed answer choices are Adlerian counseling pillars except psychosexual development. Adler developed the technique of "spitting in a client's soup" in order to provide a prospective of reality to the client. Adler focused strongly on birth order as well as early medical trauma that may cause difficulty with self-actualization later in life. This led to Adler’s understanding of an inferiority complex.

Prosopagnosia is a condition distinguished by a loss in the ability to recognize faces. The condition is also known as "face blindness," and is typically the result of brain damage. This damage usually occurs in the fusiform gyrus, a region of the brain which is associated with facial recognition.

A lack of color vision is more often genetic in origin. Achromatopsia is a condition involving a lack of color vision. Other conditions may describe an inability to describe emotion or to distinguish between voice or produce speech, but none of these are classified under prosopagnosia.

Erika is displaying several of the classic signs of borderline personality disorder. She is experiencing mood swings, paranoia, and a lack of self identity. She is also displaying pleading and impulsive behaviors. While elements of her feelings and actions could be symptoms of the other disorders listed, no alternate answer encompasses all these symptoms like borderline personality disorder.