The relationship between “open communication” and “an active acceptance of imperfection” is one of agreement, so “in addition to” is the best choice. “In light of” incorrectly implies that the “open communication” is subordinate to “active acceptance,” and “in spite of” incorrectly implies contrast. “After all” and “especially” are both transitional phrases, but neither fits the grammatical construction of the sentence.

“Having high standards” and “accepting poor behavior” are directly opposed ideas, so we need a contrasting transition: “not.” “While also” suggests that the two ideas should coexist at the same time, but that is not logical in the context of the sentence. “As well as” and “moreover” incorrectly suggest addition. “Indeed” suggests emphasis and is both semantically and syntactically wrong.

Meredith’s uncertainty is being contrasted with her sneaking suspicion here, so a contrasting word or phrase will be necessary to properly express the meaning of the sentence. (The appearance of “instead” in the sentence is a further hint that we’re looking for a contrast word.) “In spite of” and “whereas” are contrast phrases, but they’re the wrong part of speech for the sentence. “But” is the best choice here.

Based on the content of this sentence, we need a transition that expresses a sentiment like “For this reason” or “therefore.” In other words, we need a conclusion word or phrase. “As such” is the only choice among these answers that provides conclusion.

Here, the idea of the hobby’s riskiness is contrasted with its widespread appeal. Thus, a contrasting word is necessary: “nevertheless.” None of the other choices here express a relationship of contrast.

Here, we’re contrasting Nietzsche’s best and lesser known attributes. The only word of contrast among these choices is “however.” “To paraphrase” and “in particular” imply further illustration or support. “Moreover” implies addition of something similar, and “henceforth” implies addition of something new at a later time.

The second half of this sentence introduces an example to support the claim in the first half of the sentence. “For example” is therefore the best transition word to segue between these two parts of the sentence. (“Nevertheless” implies contrast, “simultaneously” implies something happening at the same moment in time, “firstly” implies a sequence of examples instead of just one, and “thus” implies conclusion.)

“Despite” or “in spite of” is the best fit for this sentence, which is again a relationship of contrast: Jim’s perturbation or agitation is opposed to his outwardly calm appearance. “Because of,” “given,” “in case of,” and “as a result of” all imply causality, which does not make sense in this context.

The full sentence given here combines two separate complete sentences, which calls for a semicolon or a comma followed by a conjunction. A colon, as used in the original phrase, indicates that the second sentence is the result or an example of the first, whereas in actuality they are two related but separate thoughts. A comma would create a run-on sentence, as would the lack of any punctuation. Finally, “subjects, being in more” confuses the meaning of the sentence. “Subjects; in more” must be the correct choice.

Sentence 2 contains a misplaced modifier and is lacking a comma. The best approach to this sentence is simply to rewrite it altogether, removing the misplaced modifier (“which was going hiking with my friends and stumbling upon a vast unexplored gorge” incorrectly described “my opinion”). A comma is necessary after “However,” which is an introductory word.