To identify the first step that must be taken when constructing a perpendicular line, there is some information about the given line that needs to be clearly established first.

First recall what it means to be perpendicular. For lines to be perpendicular, their slopes must be opposite reciprocals of each other and they must have one point of intersection.

From here, look at the possible answers to decide which one is best.

"Find the -intercept of the given line."  doesn't necessarily help when constructing a perpendicular line.

"Take the negative reciprocal of the given line's slope." Taking this would give the slope of a perpendicular line but in order to do so the slope must be known of the given line.

"Calculate the slope of the given line." in order to construct a perpendicular line, the slope must be calculated on the given line.

"Either calculate the slope of the given line or identify the intersection point of the two lines." In order to construct a perpendicular line, the intersection point must be found and the slope of the given line must be found before the slope of the perpendicular line is found. Therefore, this is the best answer.

In order to know which tools are required to construct a regular pentagon first recall the attributes of a pentagon and the possible geometric tools used to construct figures.

A regular pentagon by definition is a five sided figure. All sides of the figure are equal and every interior angle measures .

Geometric tools used to construct figures by hand include the follow:

Paper, Pencil, Compass, Ruler, Straight Edge, Protractor, Etc.

Geometric tools used to construct figures using technology include the following: 

Graphing Calculators, Computer Programs, Etc.

Since the figure in question is a regular pentagon, to construct it by hand will require the use of a compass to ensure the angles are all equaled to . Also, a straight edge is required to ensure the lines are straight and a measuring device such as a rule to ensure the side lengths are equal. 

Of the possible answer choices, three list the Straight Edge, Compass, and Measuring Device. If these tools are being used then the figure is being drawn by hand therefore, pencil and paper are also required. Therefore, the correct solution is:

"Straight Edge, Compass, Pencil, Paper, Measuring Device"

Recall that a ray is a line segment that has a vertex at one end and extends at the other. The extension is depicted by an arrow. In order for two rays to become one line segment the vertices must be connected and the arrows going in the opposite direction. For the rays to be going in the opposite direction they must have  angle between them.

Therefore, the correct answer is

"Connect the vertices of the rays and have their directions point  from each other."

To construct two  angles from a  angle a bisection must occur. Recall that bisection means to cut an angle into two equal parts.

Since 

that makes a bisection of the  angle equal two  angles and thus is the solution.

Moving the terminal ray will not create two angles and thus it cannot be the solution.

Nonterminal is not the correct terminology and therefore, it cannot be the correct solution.

Parallel lines by definition are lines that will never intersect one another. This means the slope of the lines are the same. When these lines make up a parallelogram figures that are created include squares, rectangles, diamonds, and rhombi.

Some images that depict parallelograms are as follows. Notice that either single or double hash marks can be used to identify that opposite lines are congruent.

To construct perpendicular lines first recall what it means to be perpendicular.

Recall that perpendicular lines intersect at one point and have opposite, reciprocal slopes.

Plotting the given point is as follows:

Given this point, there are numerous combinations of perpendicular lines that can be made. Looking at the possible options the only pair that intersect at the point  is when a vertical line is drawn at  and a horizontal line at .

For two lines to be perpendicular they must intersect at one point and have the opposite reciprocals on each other. Having slopes that are opposite reciprocals creates a  angle between the two lines which is also by definition makes the two lines perpendicular.

Therefore, a line that has a fractional slope can also have a perpendicular line. If the line in question has a slope of  then the perpendicular line would have a slope of .

Thus, the statement, "Lines that have fractional slopes cannot be perpendicular to other lines." is false.

By definition an equilateral triangle has all sides that are of equal length and angles are also equal. All interior angles on an equilateral triangle equal  regardless of the side lengths.

Therefore, the statement "An equilateral triangle must have sides of equal length but the interior angles may differ." is false.

Using corresponding parts of congruent triangles proves this statement true.

A parallelogram is a four sided figure that has opposite parallel sides. Further more, when a parallelogram is divided into two triangles by drawing a line diagonally, they are equal triangles and thus the corresponding sides of each triangle are equal which in turn, makes the sides of the parallelogram congruent.

This is a true statement.  If two lines are intersecting, then their vertical angles are congruent.  Vertical angles are the opposite angles formed when two lines intersect.  The figure below shows an example of this.