Lactose is a disaccharide that needs to be broken down to its monosaccharide components in the gut (so that it can be absorbed). Lactose is made up of galactose and glucose monosaccharide units. An enzyme called lactase, found on the intestinal walls, is used to break down lactose to galactose and glucose. A person with lactose intolerance lacks lactase and, therefore, cannot break down lactose to its components. This leads to malabsorption of lactose. However, there is no problem with galactose and glucose absorption. This means that a patient with lactose intolerance can still digest galactose and glucose if given separately.

As the question states, hypoglycemia is characterized by low levels of glucose in the blood. To bring the glucose levels back to normal, one can ingest foods that contain high amounts of glucose. To solve this question we need to decide which of the stated options can be broken down to glucose. Lactose is a disaccharide that is made up of glucose and galactose. An enzyme, called lactase, breaks down lactose to its components, which can then be absorbed by the intestinal cells; therefore, ingesting glucose will increase glucose levels in the blood. Similarly, sucrose is a disaccharide made up of fructose and glucose; therefore, ingesting sucrose will also increase glucose levels in the blood.

Galactose is a monosaccharide and, therefore, cannot be broken down to any further. It is absorbed as galactose by the intestinal cells. This will not increase the concentration of glucose in the blood.

Maltose, made from the breakdown of starch, contains a 1 to 4 alpha linkage, and cellobiose, made from the breakdown of cellulose, contains a 1 to 4 beta linkage. Both are disaccharides with different shapes and different properties.

To answer this question, we'll need to have some background information on each of the sugars shown in the answer choices.

A glycosidic bond between glucose and galactose will produce the disaccharide lactose, which is thus the correct answer.

Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Maltose is also a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules. Moreover, fructose and xylose are monosaccharides.

The minor base (modified base) inosine is essential for translation and commonly found in tRNA wobble base pairing.

The pictured structure represents arachidonic acid due to the 20-carbon carboxylic acid chain with characteristic unsaturated (double) bonds after carbons 5, 8, 11, and 14.

Oleic acid is a fatty acid consisting of 18 carbon molecules and a single unsaturated (double) bond after carbon 9, as pictured.

The structure represents cholesterol. The hydroxyl group attached to the terminal cyclohexane and the 6-carbon chain on the opposite end are easily recognizable substituents.

Unsaturated fats are said do be unsaturated because of their lack of saturation with hydrogen atoms, due to carbon's ability to make four bonds, and one or more carbons in the hydrocarbon tail of an unsaturated fatty acid contains a double bond to another carbon. Both unsaturated and saturated fats are lipids, but neither contain cholesterol nor glycogen.

Triacylglycerols, like phospholipids and glycolipids, have long, hydrophobic, fatty acid tails. Steroids are characterized by their ABCD ring structure. Isoprene, the building block of steroids and polyisoprenoids, has five carbon atoms.