This quotation comes from Charles Darwin's 1859 work On the Origin of Species. Darwin used this work to publicize his Theory of Natural Selection. The theory argued that members of the same species would change over time as they adapted to survive in different natural environments. Darwin's ideas formed the basis of the modern Theory of Evolution. The presence of the HMS Beagle and the use of the phrase "the origin of species" in the quoted material should have been ample evidence with which to solve this question.

Steel production had existed in several civilizations prior to the nineteenth century, but before to the Bessemer Process it was impossible to produce steel in large numbers. Steel became one of the main resources that powered the Industrial Revolution after the Bessemer Process made its mass production feasible.

The HMS Dreadnought revolutionized naval technology when it was put into service for the British navy in 1906. Her advancements in technology essentially made all other battleships in the world obsolete after she was launched. The Dreadnought helped to set off a massive naval arms race between the British and the Germans, which was one of the main causes of World War I. One of the major technological advances that the Dreadnought did not possess, however, was radar, which would not appear until the Second World War. 

The steamboat was a revolution in the sailing business. By incorporating a steam engine into the ship as the main form of propulsion it significantly increased the speed of ships and therefore greatly reduced the time ships had to spend traveling from place to place.

Samuel Morse is credited with inventing the single-wire telegraph service in the first half of the nineteenth century. The invention of the telegraph was instrumental to nineteenth century society. It allowed messages to be exchanged across vast distances near instantaneously for the first time in human history.

The spinning jenny was invented in England by James Hargreaves in the 1760s. It was one of the most important inventions of the early Industrial Revolution and it dramatically altered the textile industry. Specifically, it dramatically increased the productivity of the cotton industry (at the time cotton was emerging as the most important crop of the textile industry).

Honore Blanc, the French inventor of replaceable parts for firearms, made his discovery in the waning years of the eighteenth century. Although it took some time for his ideas to be adopted, the first firearms with replaceable parts were being used in the Napoleonic Wars at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

The steam engine was invented by James Watt in the 1770s. The invention of the steam engine ushered in a new era of the Industrial Revolution. It is worth noting that Watt was merely improving on earlier designs by people like Thomas Savery and Thomas Newcomen.

Hiram Maxim is notable for inventing the first fully automatic machine gun, called the Maxim Gun, in 1883. His weapon was used to devastating effect by the British, and other European imperial powers, to wipeout the assemble armies of native populations during the late imperialist land grab of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Henry Bessemer was an English inventor who lived in the nineteenth century. He developed the Bessemer Process which allowed for steel to be made more effectively. His invention accelerated the growth of heavy industry during the Industrial Revolution.