Simon Bolivar was born in Venezuela and wanted its independence. The war began in 1812 and would last for nine bloody years until Bolivar and his forces won out in 1821, giving the nation its independence 

In addition to gaining independence for his native Venezuela, Bolivar went on to campaign for, and obtain independence for Colombia as well. Bolivar would lead invasions of Colombia in 1819 and 1820 in order to break the Spanish stronghold over the nation and gain its independence.

When Napoleon was defeated at the end of the War of the Sixth Coalition he was taken prisoner by the allied powers. It was determined that he should be sent into exile where he could no longer rule over France. They decided, however, that he should not be punished too severely, and as such he was placed in a state of house arrest on the Island of Elba, just off the coast of Tuscany. While there, in order to keep him busy they made him the de-facto governor of the island.

While all of these are treaties that ended various Wars involving Napoleon, the Treaty of Fontainebleau is the one to end the War of the Sixth Coalition. This treaty sent Napoleon into exile for the first time off the coast of Italy. He would return to France and attempt to restart the French Empire. This is what the British feared at the time of the treaties writing, and they wanted him exiled to an island much farther away. They wouldn't make the same mistake twice.

While Napoleon and his armies never set foot in Ireland, Ireland was not a country at the time, but part of the U.K. therefore it does not count. Portugal was invaded unsuccessfully by the French in an attempt to force them to partake in the continental system. The correct answer is Sweden and the U.K. The U.K. was protected by is position as an island and its strong navy, and Sweden was of little strategic value to France, and therefore Napoleon left his ally, Denmark to fight the Swedes during the various wars of the time.

San Martin was the Simon Bolivar of the Southern half of South America. He was the leader that brought Argentina, Chile, and Peru to independence. He led the land campaign in Peru from 1820-23. He successfully liberated Peru from the Spanish in 1823. Peru was the last of the Spanish possessions in South America to fall to the revolutionaries.

Morelos was captured by royalist forces in 1815 and was brought to Mexico City for trial. He was charged with, and found guilty of, treason against the Spanish crown. He was put to death by firing squad and thereafter the leadership of the revolution fell to his lieutenants to lead.

The Latin American Wars of Independence were caused by many things. However, one of them was not atrocities committed by the Spanish military. At the time of the wars beginning the bulk of the Spanish military was occupied back in Spain attempting to fight against the Invasion of Spain by Napoleon's France. The people in the colonies, who were mostly of mixed racial ancestry, had grown tired of rule by the Spanish and Portuguese, their military governors, and saw an opportunity to seize their independence while the Spanish and Portuguese armies were preoccupied. 

Artigas was a Uruguayan revolutionary who helped launch the Uruguayan Revolution in 1810. The war against Spain would last for years and end in 1818 with Uruguayan independence. in the wake of the war Artigas would help found the Free State of Uruguay.

As part of his successful campaign to gain independence for Uruguay, Artigas would fight to gain independence for Paraguay. Paraguay declared independence at the same time as Uruguay and due to its remote inland position, it faced much less in the way of Spanish attacks. However, it needed to ally itself with Uruguay and Artigas due to the access the Spanish could have to the nation via the Rio Uruguay.