Cerebrospinal fluid is the fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord (the two components of the central nervous system) that serves as a protective barrier. 

Belyaev's selection may be considered as artificial selection because he was purposefully selecting for a specific behavioral trait—tameness. As a result, natural selection and genetic selection would be incorrect choices. There was no noted mutation observed in the study; therefore, mutagenesis would be an incorrect answer.

Neuroplasticity is a concept that refers to structural changes in the brain that occur because of changes in the person's behavior, emotions, thoughts, or environment. It means that the brain is more flexible and adaptable than once thought, even after fully developing. 

Conditioning can also part of learning a new task, but conditioning involves pairing stimuli together (e.g. classical conditioning) or being reinforced or punished (e.g. operant conditioning). Hemispheric specialization is when one side—hemisphere—of the brain is dominant in controlling a particular function. 

The sympathetic nervous system is at work in this scenario. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Unlike the parasympathetic nervous system; however, the sympathetic branch is the "fight or flight" response. In emergencies, the hypothalamus initiates this response which, dumps adrenaline into the blood stream and accelerates bodily functions for either a fight or flight scenario. The parasympathetic branch is the "rest and digest" system and works in opposition to the sympathetic branch.

Roger Sperry and colleagues, using a tachistoscope and other instruments, studied patients that had their corpus callosum severed. Their findings demonstrated that information is specialized in the hemispheres of the brain. 

Participants in the line-judgment task were asked to identify which of three lines shown in a series of projected images was the longest while sitting in a room with a group of study confederates whom they believed were other participants in the study. The confederates would unanimously agree on the same incorrect line for a question, forcing the participant to choose between conforming to the majority opinion or trusting his/her own eyes and dissenting.

Participants were more likely to disobey when they were far away from the experimenter or when the experimenter's authority was diminished. They were also more likely to disobey if they were nearer to the suffering victim (really a confederate acting as though they were in pain) or if they had previously observed someone else disobeying.

The IQ test has an average score of 100, with a standard deviation of 15. Scores of 130 or above demonstrate a person with superior ("gifted") intelligence, while scores of 70 or below indicate an intellectual disability. This scale is the same for both the original IQ test, as well as modern iterations.

Milgram is best known for devising an experiment to study how human participants react when they are asked to shock others. Whenever the "learner" got a memory question wrong, the "teacher" was told to administer a shock to a learner located in a different room. Milgram devised this study to examine how so many people participated in the cruel acts of the Holocaust.

Mary Ainsworth was a developmental psychologist who is best known for creating the "Strange Situation" to test infant-caregiver attachment patterns. In brief, the Strange Situation involves the caregiver leaving the infant alone for a short period of time, and then returning. Ainsworth observed the infant's response to the caregiver's return, and classified the response into an attachment pattern.