AP Physics 1 : Newtonian Mechanics

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Physics 1

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Example Questions

Example Question #91 : Work, Energy, And Power

Moment of inertia of a ring: \(\displaystyle I=m*r^2\)

A bicycle wheel has a mass of \(\displaystyle 2.8kg\) and a radius of \(\displaystyle 622mm\). Determine the total kinetic energy of the wheel if the bicycle is moving at \(\displaystyle 10\frac{m}{s}\). The wheel may be approximated as a hollow ring.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 2.8J\)

None of these

\(\displaystyle 280J\)

\(\displaystyle 140J\)

\(\displaystyle 635J\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 280J\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=KE_{trans}+KE_{rot}\)

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=.5mv^2+.5I\omega^2\)

\(\displaystyle I=m*r^2\)

\(\displaystyle \omega=\frac{v}{r}\)

Combining equations

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=.5mv^2+.5*m*v^2\)

Plugging in values:

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=2.8*10^2\)

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=280J\)

Example Question #42 : Kinetic Energy

A spaceship of mass \(\displaystyle 7500kg\) is motionless in space. The rocket is turned on and provides a constant force of \(\displaystyle 1000N\). Assume the loss of mass due to spent fuel is negligible.

Determine the kinetic energy of the ship after \(\displaystyle 10s\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 5654J\)

\(\displaystyle 1133J\)

None of these

\(\displaystyle 6633J\)

\(\displaystyle 3.14J\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 6633J\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle F=ma\)

Plugging in values

\(\displaystyle 1000=7500*a\)

\(\displaystyle a=.133\frac{m}{s}\)

Using

\(\displaystyle v_i+a*t=v_f\)

\(\displaystyle 0+.133*10=v_f\)

\(\displaystyle v_f=1.33\frac{m}{s}\)

Using

\(\displaystyle KE=.5mv^2\)

\(\displaystyle KE=.5*7500*1.33^2\)

\(\displaystyle KE=6633J\)

Example Question #43 : Kinetic Energy

Moment of inertia of a ring: \(\displaystyle I=m*r^2\)

A bicycle wheel has a mass of \(\displaystyle 2.3kg\) and a radius of \(\displaystyle 550mm\). Determine the total kinetic energy of the wheel if the bicycle is moving at \(\displaystyle 8\frac{m}{s}\). The wheel may be approximated as a hollow ring.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 168J\)

\(\displaystyle 98J\)

None of these

\(\displaystyle 111J\)

\(\displaystyle 147J\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 147J\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=KE_{trans}+KE_{rot}\)

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=.5mv^2+.5I\omega^2\)

\(\displaystyle I=m*r^2\)

\(\displaystyle \omega=\frac{v}{r}\)

Combining equations

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=.5mv^2+.5*m*v^2\)

Plugging in values:

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=mv^2\)

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=2.3*8^2\)

\(\displaystyle KE_{total}=147J\) 

Example Question #44 : Kinetic Energy

An object of mass \(\displaystyle m\) moves with velocity \(\displaystyle v\). How fast must an object of mass \(\displaystyle 4m\) move in order to have the same kinetic energy of the object of mass \(\displaystyle m\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 2v\)

\(\displaystyle 4v\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{v^2}{4}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{v^2}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{v^2}{8}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{v^2}{2}\)

Explanation:

Kinetic energy is equal to \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}mv^2\). The object of mass \(\displaystyle m\) and velocity \(\displaystyle v\) therefore has kinetic energy equal to \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}mv^2\). Let's let the object of mass \(\displaystyle 4m\) have velocity \(\displaystyle v_{4m}\). Therefore, its kinetic energy is \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}mv_{4m}^2\). We want to find \(\displaystyle v_{4m}\) such that the two objects to have the same kinetic energy, so we can equate their two kinetic energies. \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}mv^2=\frac{1}{2}4mv_{4m}^2\)

\(\displaystyle v^2=4v_{4m}^2\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{v^2}{4}=v_{4m}^2\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{v^2}{2}=v_{4m}\)

Example Question #91 : Newtonian Mechanics

If the velocity of an objects is halved, what is the resulting change in the kinetic energy?

Possible Answers:

Quartered

Quadrupled

No change.

Doubles

Squared

Correct answer:

Quartered

Explanation:

The equation for kinetic energy is:

\(\displaystyle KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^2\), where \(\displaystyle v\) is the velocity of the object. Therefore, if we halve the velocity, we can substitute that into our equation, and see what will change in the kinetic energy equation:

\(\displaystyle KE=\frac{1}{2}m(\frac{1v}{2})^2=\frac{1}{2}m\frac{1}{4}v^2\)

Thus, the kinetic energy is quartered.

Example Question #46 : Kinetic Energy

What is the kinetic energy of an object of mass \(\displaystyle 2.5\: kg\) traveling at \(\displaystyle 4\: \frac{m}{s}\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 20\: J\)

\(\displaystyle 50\: J\)

\(\displaystyle 30\: J\)

\(\displaystyle 10\: J\)

\(\displaystyle 40\: J\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 20\: J\)

Explanation:

To answer this question, we'll need to use the formula for kinetic energy.

\(\displaystyle KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}\)

Plugging in the values given to us, we can solve for our answer.

\(\displaystyle KE=\frac{1}{2}(2.5\: kg)(4\: \frac{m}{s})^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle KE=20\:J\)

Example Question #92 : Newtonian Mechanics

An object has a mass, M, and a velocity, V.

What happens to the object's kinetic energy if its mass is doubled?

Possible Answers:

The object's kinetic energy remains the same.

The object's kinetic energy is halved.

The object's kinetic energy goes to zero.

The object's kinetic energy is quadrupled.

The object's kinetic energy is doubled.

Correct answer:

The object's kinetic energy is doubled.

Explanation:

The equation for kinetic energy is:

\(\displaystyle KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^2\)

Where \(\displaystyle KE\) is the object's kinetic energy, \(\displaystyle m\) is the object's, and \(\displaystyle v\) is the object's velocity.

We can see that the relationship between kinetic energy and mass is linear, so when the velocity is doubled, the kinetic energy is also doubled.

Example Question #93 : Newtonian Mechanics

An object has a mass, M, and a velocity, V.

What happens to the object's kinetic energy if its velocity is doubled?

Possible Answers:

The object's momentum is quadrupled.

The object's momentum is doubled.

The object's momentum is one fourth of its original momentum.

The object's momentum remains the same.

The object's momentum is halved.

Correct answer:

The object's momentum is quadrupled.

Explanation:

The equation for kinetic energy is:

\(\displaystyle KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^2\)

Where \(\displaystyle KE\) is the object's kinetic energy, \(\displaystyle m\) is the object's, and \(\displaystyle v\) is the object's velocity.

We can see that the relationship between kinetic energy and velocity is quadratic, so when the velocity is doubled, the kinetic energy is quadrupled.

Example Question #94 : Newtonian Mechanics

A ball with a mass of 3 kilograms is uniformly accelerated from rest and travels 110 meters in 6 seconds. What is its final kinetic energy in Joules after 6 seconds?

Possible Answers:

1888 Joules

2017 Joules

2300 Joules

2012 Joules

1500 Joules

Correct answer:

2017 Joules

Explanation:

Find the final velocity by multiplying the average velocity by 2. Then substitute into the equation for kinetic energy.

\(\displaystyle V_{f}=\frac{110}{6}\times2=36.67\frac{m}{s}\)

\(\displaystyle KE=.5(3kg)(36.67\frac{m}{s})^2\rightarrow \boldsymbol{2017J}\)

Example Question #95 : Newtonian Mechanics

A lazy contractor of mass 80kg who is bricking a building figured out that a seesaw makes his life much easier. He needs to deliver bricks to his coworker who is 10 meters above him. The contractor puts bricks on one side of the seesaw and jumps on the other side to fling the bricks upward. If the contractor jumps onto the seesaw from a height of 1.5 meters, what is the maximum mass of bricks he can put on the seesaw that will reach his coworker?

\(\displaystyle g = 10 \frac{m}{s^2}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 6kg\)

\(\displaystyle 15kg\)

\(\displaystyle 12kg\)

\(\displaystyle 18kg\)

\(\displaystyle 9kg\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 12kg\)

Explanation:

This problem can either be very simple or very complex.

You could convert the contractor's potential energy into kinetic energy, and then find the velocity at which he hits the seesaw. Then, use that to calculate the kinetic energy of the bricks and the height at which the bricks will fly. Although some may find that fun to do, it's unnecessary.

If we assume that all of the energy of the man is transferred to the bricks, we can use the conservation of energy equation:

\(\displaystyle E = U_i + K_i = U_f + K_f\)

We need to make a few clarifying statements for our initial and final states. In the initial state, the contractor is at a height of 1.5m and not moving. The bricks are not moving at this point either. In the final state, the man is on the ground not moving, and the bricks are at a height of 10m and not moving. Therefore, we can rewrite the above equation as the following:

\(\displaystyle m_cgh_i = m_bgh_f\)

Rearranging for the mass of the bricks:

\(\displaystyle m_b = m_c \frac{h_i}{h_f} = (80kg)(1.5m)(10m)= 12kg\)

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