The real interest rate is defined as the nominal appreciated value of assets divided by the new price level of the assets. The nominal appreciated value is simply , while the new price level is equal to . This gives the real appreciated value of assets. We then subtract 1 to get the real interest rate. 

Example:  (according to the Fisher equation)

The Fisher equation comes close, but is not actually correct.

The consumer's discount rate tells us what return on the investment the consumer must make every year in order to consider the asset worth buying. To determine the cost necessary to make the return worthwhile use the present discount formula:

A devaluation of a currency makes a nation's goods cost less to holders of foreign currency. Since the goods are now cheaper, there will be an increase in the quantity of goods demanded by holders of foreign currency. More foreigners buying goods means those goods must be shipped to them leading to an increase in exports. 

Net imports describe all goods brought into a country through trade, and net exports describe all goods sold to foreign countries. A trade surplus describes any situation in which net exports are greater than net imports. A trade surplus is a target for most nations.

Absolute advantage is determined by which country can produce more, regardless of efficiency. Country A can produce more computers than Country B, so it has the absolute advantage in producing computers. 

Country B can produce 4 computers or 6 cars. , so Country B must give up 1.5 cars to make a computer. Country A can make 5 computers or 10 cars. , so Country A must give up producing 2 cars to make 1 computer. 

Unemployment insurance is an example of an automatic stabilizer. An automatic stabilizer is something that stabilizes real economic output in the event of recession. Because unemployment insurance gives workers that have been laid off some money, it is considered an automatic stabilizer, because it lessens the damage that laying these workers off will have on the consumption component of GDP. 

Some positive amount of frictional unemployment is seen as positive in society as it allows workers to be matched to the most appropriate job for their skills. Some structural unemployment is unavoidable due to technological change, but the development in the economy that causes it is likely to be a net positive. 

Cyclical unemployment provides no benefit to society and the increase in unemployment and decrease in output will continue after a recession is over. 

The unemployment rate does not measure the percentage of people who do not have a full time job; it instead measures the percentage of people in the workforce who are not employed. The workforce includes all current workers, people on unemployment assistance, and those actively looking for a job. Not counted in the measure of the workforce are people not looking for a job, including people who have chosen not to or are unable to seek full time work.

Frictional unemployment is the unemployment that results from employees quitting their jobs, voluntarily moving from one job to another, or being fired for reasons that do not have to do with the overall macroeconomy.

As a result, the best answer here is the recent college graduate leaving her job to pursue a salaried position, because she is moving from one job to another.