Consider the reaction of and :

Now we will calculate the moles of in the solution prior to adding base.

We will then calculate the amount of moles of that react with the base.

We will then calculate the remaining moles of :

We will then calculate the new concentration of sulfuric acid:

Sulfuric acid is a diprotic acid, so the hydrogen ion concentration is 0.76 M.

The expression for Ksp is Ksp = [Mg₂₊][OH–]².

Thus, [OH–] = √(1.2 * 10^–11)/(1.2 * 10^–5)

[OH–] = 1 * 10^–3

Thus, pH = –log(1 X 10^–3) = 3 

pH = 14 – 3 = 11

Since the solution has a pH of 2.44, we can find the concentration of protons in the solution using the pH equation.

All of these acids are monoprotic acids, so the equilibrium expression for each acid follows the formula for dissociation.

The concentration for protons will be equal to the concetration of the conjugate base, since they are both in a one-to-one ratio with the acid molcule.

Also, we can subtract the concentration of protons from the initial concentration of acid in order to find how much acid will remain at equilibrium.

Using the terms for each concentration, we can try to solve the equilibrium expression.

Since the acid dissociation constant is equal to , we can look at the list and determine that propanoic acid was used to make the acidic solution.

Since every calcium hydroxide molecule will dissociate and form two hydroxide ions, the concentration of the hydroxide ions will be twice as much as the initial concentration of the base.

This means that the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution will be 0.4M.We can use this concentration to solve for the pOH fo the solution.

Since we are looking for the pH of the solution, we simply subtract the pOH form 14.

This results in a pH of 13.6.

Basic solutions have a pH level greater than 7, which is the neutral pH. Acidic solutions have a pH level lower than 7.

Basic solutions have a pH level greater than 7 and acidic solutions have a pH level lower than 7. A pH of 7 corresponds to a neutral solution.

Acidic solutions have a pH level lower than 7, which is the neutral pH. Basic solutions have a pH level greater than 7.

Potassium sulfide is soluble in water yielding the specie  which undergoes a two steps basic hydrolysis:

The respective hydrolysis constants are:

Analyzing the rounded values of both hydrolysis constants, we can see that the value of  is very large then we can assume the first reaction occurs to completion and controls the concentration of  in the solution which will be . Hence, the pH will be:

This question is presenting us with a reversible chemical reaction of a weak acid. It provides us with the pKa of the acid, and asks us to determine where on the pH spectrum will the acidic form of acetic acid be equal to its basic form.

There is a very important concept that this question highlights, which is that a compound will always have equal amounts of its acidic and basic forms at a pH that is equal to its pKa. This can be shown mathematically by using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

As the above equation shows, when the acidic and basic forms are equal, their ratio is equal to . And the logarithm of  is equal to . Thus, what we're left with is:

According to Le Chatelier's principle, any changes in concentration or pressure to a system at equilibrium will cause the system to readjust to a new equilbrium. The addition of a reactant will cause the reaction to shift to the right, increasing the equilibirum concentration of the products. Thus, adding additional reactant A would increase the equlibrium concentration of product C.

Removing species A or adding species E will drive the reaction to the left, reducing the amount of species C. Since the reaction is exothermic, heat can be considered a product. Thus, increasing the temperature will also shift the reaction to the left.