All AP Chemistry Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #841 : Ap Chemistry
Which of the following statements best describes ionic compounds?
3-D arrays of charged particles
Formed when molecules share electrons
Neutral particles that donate electrons
Malleable compounds that lack structural stability
3-D arrays of charged particles
The definition of ionic compounds are three-dimensional arrays of atoms held together by strong ionic bonds. Ions are charged particles that have either gained or lost a certain number of electrons. They have great crystalline strength because of the strong electrostatic forces between the ions.
Example Question #1 : Intramolecular Force And Potential Energy
Which of the following contain(s) intramolecular hydrogen bonding?
I. NH3
II. HF
III. HCOH
IV. CH3CH2CH2OH
I only
I, II, IV
I, II, III, IV
II and IV
II and I
I, II, IV
H bonding is when a H is bonded to either N, O, or F. In the third molecule, the O is only double-bonded to the C; it is not bonded to a single H. All other choices have a N, O, or F bonded to a H
Example Question #2 : Intramolecular Force And Potential Energy
Which of the following best explains hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen does not have any electrons
There are too many electrons in a solution, so H atoms interact with them
The covalent bonds between other atoms are hydrogen are called hydrogen bonds
Electronegative atoms carry most of the electrons in the shared pairs when they are bonded to hydrogen
Electronegative atoms carry most of the electrons in the shared pairs when they are bonded to hydrogen
Electronegative atoms disproportionately pull covalently bonded electrons toward themselves, which leaves hydrogen with partial positive character.
Example Question #3 : Intramolecular Force And Potential Energy
Hydrogen bonding can occur between which two molecules?
Hydrogen bonding can not occur between any of these combinations
Methanol and methane
Water and hydrogen gas
Methanol and water
Methane and water
Methanol and water
For hydrogen bonding to occur there must be a molecule with a hydrogen bonded to either F,O,N. This is present in water and methanol which both have O-H bonds. There can be hydrogen bonding between two water molecules, and there can be hydrogen bonding between two methanol molecules. The key to this problem is recognizing that it is asking for a situation in which hydrogen bonding is occuring between two separate molecules.
Hydrogen bonding is the association of a hydrogen and one of the three most electronegative elements F,O,N of neighboring molecules. The hydrogen, because it is bonded to one of these elements, aquires a partially positive charge, F,O, or N develops a partially negative charge. The partially positive hydrogen will associate, not bond, with the F,O, or N of a seperate molecule. Remeber that hydrogen bonding is an intermolecular property, so it is occuring between separate molecules.
Example Question #4 : Intramolecular Force And Potential Energy
Which of the following molecules is not capable of hydrogen bonding?
When hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine), the electrons are pulled more closely to the electronegative atom than to the hydrogen nucleus. This results in a partially positive charge on the hydrogen atom, which allows it to attract partially negative charged atoms on other molecules. This type of intermolecular force is called a hydrogen bond.
Carbon and hydrogen have very similar electronegativities, so the electrons are equally shared. This makes methane a nonpolar molecule. As a result, it is incapable of hydrogen bonding with other molecules.
Example Question #5 : Intramolecular Force And Potential Energy
To which of the following atoms can hydrogen be bonded to in order for hydrogen bonding to be exhibited?
Fluorine
Bromine
Chlorine
Iodine
Astatine
Fluorine
Hydrogen bonding only occurs when hydrogen is bound to either oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. Only these atoms form a bond with hydrogen polar enough so hydrogen bonding to occur.
Example Question #6 : Intramolecular Force And Potential Energy
For which substance are the intermolecular forces the strongest?
may participate in hydrogen bonding, which is one of the strongest intermolecular forces. Hydrogen bonding increases a substance's boiling point, and lowers its vapor pressure.
Example Question #7 : Intramolecular Force And Potential Energy
A pure sample of an unknown substance is subjected to a series of tests to determine its identity. It is found to have a significantly higher boiling point than a sample of another substance that is approximately the same molecular weight and has a very similar atomic composition.
Which of the following would best account for this difference?
The configuration of the atoms in the known substance allow for hydrogen bonding.
The configuration of the atoms in the unknown substance is more branched
The configuration of the atoms in the unknown substance allows for hydrogen bonding.
The configuration of the atoms in the unknown substance makes it much less polar
None of the other answers
The configuration of the atoms in the unknown substance allows for hydrogen bonding.
Differences in the physcal properties of substances is often due to differences in molecular structure. Intermolecular forces can have profound effects on physical properties such as boiling point. Substances with the same molecular formula can actually behave quite differently based on how the atoms in these substances are connected. Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force that often leads to higher boiling points in substances that can hydrogen bond when compared to substances of similar molecular weights that cannot hydrogen bond with one another. Thus the presence of hydrogen bonding in the unknown substance is the best answer.
Example Question #1 : Vsepr And Bond Hybridization
What is the molecular shape of the following molecule?
SF6
seesaw
linear
trigonal bipyramidal
hexahedral
octahedral
octahedral
when a central atom of a molecule has 6 electron domains coming off of it (none of which are lone pairs of electrons), it is considered octahedral
Example Question #1 : Vsepr And Bond Hybridization
What is the shape of the SO2 molecule?
Linear
Trigonal planar
Square planar
Bent
Octahedral
Bent
The answer to this question can be determined by drawing a Lewis structure of the molecule. The S atom is central, with an O atom on each side. Adding in double bonds to each O atom and placing lone pairs on the O atoms give them each an octet, which leaves 2 more lone pairs of electrons to go on the S atom, creating a bent shape.