AP Biology : Cellular Biology
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Biology
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Example Questions
Example Question #22 : Understanding Neural Cells
Which of the following is true regarding interneurons?
All of these
They create neural circuits
There are two types of interneurons: local and relay
They are a part of the central nervous system
All of these
Interneurons are a class of neuron that create neural circuits between sensory neurons, motor neurons, or the central nervous system. Interneurons are components of the central nervous system and can be further categorized into local and relay interneurons.
Example Question #541 : Cellular Biology
Which of the following is not true regarding Schwann cells?
Schwann cells allow for saltatory conduction in the neuron
They are a type of glial cell
Nodes of Ranvier are a type of specialized Schwann cell
Schwann cells form the myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier are a type of specialized Schwann cell
Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that wrap around the axon to form the myelin sheath. This insulation allows for saltatory conduction, which increases the speed of signal transmission through the neuron. Gaps between Schwann cell myelination on the axon are called nodes of Ranvier.
Example Question #24 : Understanding Neural Cells
Which of the following distinguishes grey matter from white matter in the central nervous system?
Grey matter is chiefly located in the spinal cord
Only white matter is located in the brain
Grey matter has fewer myelinated axons
White matter contains most of the cell bodies in the central nervous system
Grey matter has fewer myelinated axons
Grey matter is a part of the central nervous system that contains most of the cell bodies in the system and few myelinated axons. Grey matter is located in both the brain and spinal cord. Among other things, it is involved in muscle control, sensory perception, emotions, and self-control.
Example Question #25 : Understanding Neural Cells
Which of the following represents the primary features of white matter in the central nervous system?
White matter is located in the deep parts of the brain and superficial spinal cord
All of these
It contains myelinated axons
The white color comes from the fatty myelin around the axons
All of these
White matter is a component of the central nervous system that contains myelinated axons and is located in the deep parts of the brain and superficial spinal cord. The term “white” matter comes from the white color of the area due to the fatty myelin that surrounds the axons. White matter is involved in communication between the gray matter and other parts of the central nervous system.
Example Question #541 : Cellular Biology
Which of the following is not a part of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Spinal cord
All of these
Brain
White and grey matter
All of these
The CNS includes the brain (including white matter and gray matter) and the spinal cord. The CNS coordinates and controls all activity within the body.
Example Question #102 : Types Of Cells And Tissues
Ganglia are a part of which of the following subunits of the nervous system?
Autonomic nervous system
All of these
Somatic nervous system
Central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Ganglia are clusters of nerve cells that are a part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls the function of organs.
Example Question #103 : Types Of Cells And Tissues
Which of the following best describes the structure of the colloquial term “nerve”?
None of these
A neuron
Glycogen
A protein
A neuron
The colloquial term “nerve” refers to a neuron—a nerve cell—that can transmit electrical signals throughout the human body. Nerves can be grouped into two categories: motor neurons and sensory neurons.
Example Question #101 : Types Of Cells And Tissues
Which of the following is not a tissue within the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Certain cranial nerves
Ganglia
Nerves
Spinal cord
Spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system (CNS) with the rest of the human body. The PNS includes ganglia, nerves, and certain cranial nerves. The PNS does not include the brain and spinal cord, which are components of the CNS.
Example Question #102 : Types Of Cells And Tissues
Which of the following describes the role of connective tissues (endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium) around neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Protection and support
Saltatory conduction
There is no connective tissue surrounding peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons
Insulation from toxins
Protection and support
Three layers of connective tissue surround peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons: the endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium. This connective tissue encloses the neurons and offers protection and support.
Example Question #103 : Types Of Cells And Tissues
Which of the following best describes what occurs immediately after neurotransmitters bind to receptors on post-synaptic neurons?
The membrane potential stabilizes
Neurotransmitters enter the cell via endocytosis
Depolarization occurs
Ion gated channels open
Ion gated channels open
After neurotransmitters bind to the post-synaptic neuron, ion gated channels open. This allows for depolarization and the generation of another action potential.
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