AP Biology : Cell Functions
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Example Questions
Example Question #5 : Understand Aerobic Respiration
Where does anaerobic respiration occur in a cell?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Cytosol
Mitochondrial matrix
Chloroplast
Cytosol
In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate produced during glycolysis will be used for either lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation, producing lactic acid or ethanol (as waste products) and regenerating NAD+ to be used for another cycle of glycolysis. This fermentation occurs in the cytosol of the cell.
Example Question #1 : Apply 3 Laws Of Inheritance To Meiosis
Which is not true during meiosis?
Each gamete receives a random number of alleles for each gene from each parent
Each gamete receives one allele for each gene from each parent
Each gamete receives two alleles for each gene from only one parent
Each gamete receives two alleles for each gene from each parent
Each gamete receives one allele for each gene from each parent
According to the Law of Segregation, each gamete receives one allele for each gene from each parent. During Meiosis, each parent’s two copies of each allele are separated from each other, then the gamete receives one copy of each allele from each parent (for a total of two alleles).
Example Question #2 : Apply 3 Laws Of Inheritance To Meiosis
The law of independent assortment states that ______________________.
genes that are on the same chromosome are inherited together
each gamete receives one allele for each gene from each parent
genes that are further apart will be less likely to be inherited together
inheritance of a specific gene is not influenced by other genes
inheritance of a specific gene is not influenced by other genes
This is the definition of the law of independent assortment; during meiosis, the inheritance of one gene does not influence whether another, separate gene will also be inherited by that gamete.
Example Question #3 : Apply 3 Laws Of Inheritance To Meiosis
According to Mendel’s Law of Dominance, the phenotype of a heterozygote will be ______________________ .
determined by the dominant allele
determined by the recessive allele
a mixture of the phenotypes of both parents
determined by the mother’s genotype
determined by the dominant allele
According to the Law of Dominance, each individual has two alleles for each trait and only the dominant allele contributes to the phenotype.
Example Question #4 : Apply 3 Laws Of Inheritance To Meiosis
During what process do homologous chromosomes segregate into different gametes?
DNA replication
Meiosis
DNA synthesis
Cytokinesis
Meiosis
According to the Law of Segregation, during Meiosis, homologous chromosomes segregate into different gametes.
Example Question #1 : Apply 3 Laws Of Inheritance To Meiosis
Which law of inheritance is incorrectly matched to its explanation?
Law of dominance; in a heterozygote individual, only the dominant allele will influence the phenotype
Law of independent assortment; inheritance of one gene does not influence inheritance of another gene
Law of segregation; each gamete receives only one copy of each gene from its parent
Law of segregation; each gamete receives both copies of gene from its parent
Law of segregation; each gamete receives both copies of gene from its parent
The laws of inheritance include the laws of segregation (each gamete receives only one copy of each gene from its parent), dominance (in a heterozygote individual, only the dominant allele will influence the phenotype), and independent assortment (inheritance of one gene does not influence inheritance of another gene)
Example Question #1 : Apply 3 Laws Of Inheritance To Meiosis
In a dihybrid cross of seed color and seed shape, Y (yellow) is dominant to y (green) and R (rounded) is dominant to r (wrinkled). An individual with genotype YyRr is crossed with an individual with genotype YYRr. The inheritance of the alleles for seed color does not affect inheritance of genes for seed shape. Which law supports this statement?
Law of random mating
Law of segregation
Law of dominance
Law of independent assortment
Law of independent assortment
The law of independent assortment states that inheritance of one gene does not influence inheritance of another gene. Thus, inheritance of seed color does not affect the inheritance of seed shape.
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