George Braque and Pablo Picasso developed cubism literally side by side, often painting in close proximity in the years 1909-1914. Built off of previous artistic movements which drew away from strict representation like expressionism and fauvism, Braque and Picasso built cubism on a structure of more monochromatic colors and geometric shapes. These approaches made their painting even less representational than previous abstract movements, while also needing more artistic and technical skill to create their works.

This painting is in the cubist style, which can be detected in the use of disjoint geometric shapes that depict the subject from multiple angles at the same time. Since Cubism is an exclusively 20th century movement, that's what the answer must be.

Image is in the public domain, accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1913_Popova_Das_Modell_anagoria.JPG

This is a self-portrait of Van Gogh. You can recognize his characteristic large brush strokes and post-impressionist aesthetic.

Image is in the public domain, accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh#/media/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_(719161).jpg

Pop Art's central tenet was that art could borrow from all sources of society including elements of high art and low or popular culture. Pop Artists believed that everything was interconnected and aimed to draw sources of their inspiration from this idea.

The Neo-Dada movement was the movement directly preceding the Pop Art Movement. During this movement, artists used popular imagery and materials to create unique and strange compositions and pastiches. Artists in this movement included: Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg. 

In the early 1950's, a group of artists in London called the Independent Group, began to gather to discuss the place of fine art in modern culture. These discussions gave birth to a number of the fundamental theoretical precepts underpinning the Pop Art Movement.

This image is from one of  the Pop Art Movement's most influential artists, Andy Warhol. Warhol was a leader during this movement and his series of Campbell's soup cans showed the accessibility to everyday objects that could be transformed into art.

Roy Lichtenstein's appropriation of decontextualized comic book images remains one of the most lasting elements of the Pop Art movement. Works such as Drowning Girl have sold for massive sums, and are still mass-produced as posters and prints to this day.

Every artist but Jasper Johns was an artist in the LA Pop art scene. These artists incorporated items that were "very LA" such as motorcycles and surfing into their pop art. 

The Pop Art Movement did gain momentum in other parts of Europe besides London. Capital Realism was the name of the movement in Germany. Capital Realism focused on subjects from pop culture and merged it with an aesthetic found in the mass media.