SSAT Upper Level Math : How to find absolute value

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SSAT Upper Level Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Absolute Value

Evaluate for \(\displaystyle x = 2\):

\(\displaystyle \left | 2x - 18 \right | + \left | 3x - 7 \right |\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 27\)

\(\displaystyle 23\)

\(\displaystyle 21\)

\(\displaystyle 13\)

\(\displaystyle 15\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 15\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle \left | 2x -18 \right | + \left | 3x - 7 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | 2 \cdot 2 - 18 \right | + \left | 3 \cdot 2 - 7 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | 4 - 18 \right | + \left | 6 - 7 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | -14 \right | + \left | -1 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle =14 + 1 = 15\)

Example Question #1 : How To Find Absolute Value

Evaluate for \(\displaystyle x = 0.6\) :

\(\displaystyle \left | 4x - 1.4 \right | + \left | x^{2} - 1 \right |\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 1.64\)

\(\displaystyle 2.36\)

\(\displaystyle 0.64\)

\(\displaystyle 0.36\)

\(\displaystyle 1.36\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 1.64\)

Explanation:

Substitute 0.6 for \(\displaystyle x\) :

\(\displaystyle \left | 4x - 1.4 \right | + \left | x^{2} - 1 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | 4 \cdot 0.6 - 1.4 \right | + \left | 0.6^{2} - 1 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | 2.4 - 1.4 \right | + \left | 0.36 - 1 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | 1 \right | + \left | -0.64 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle =1 + 0.64\)

\(\displaystyle = 1.64\)

Example Question #3 : Absolute Value

Evaluate for \(\displaystyle x = 0.6\):

\(\displaystyle \left |0.5 x - 0.7 \right | - \left |0.6 x - 0.4 \right |\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 0.36\)

\(\displaystyle 0.44\)

\(\displaystyle 0.76\)

\(\displaystyle 0.96\)

\(\displaystyle 1.04\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 0.36\)

Explanation:

Substitute \(\displaystyle x = 0.6\).

\(\displaystyle \left |0.5 x - 0.7 \right | - \left |0.6 x - 0.4 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left |0.5 \cdot 0.6 - 0.7 \right | - \left |0.6 \cdot 0.6 - 0.4 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left |0.3- 0.7 \right | - \left |0.36 - 0.4 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left |-0.4 \right | - \left | - 0.04 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = 0.4 - 0.04 = 0.36\)

Example Question #1 : How To Find Absolute Value

Which of the following sentences is represented by the equation 

\(\displaystyle | x + 7 | = x - 3\)

Possible Answers:

The sum of three and the absolute value of the sum of a number is three greater than the number.

The sum of three and the absolute value of the sum of a number is three less than the number.

The absolute value of the sum of a number and seven is three greater than the number.

The absolute value of the sum of a number and seven is three less than the number.

None of the other responses are correct.

Correct answer:

The absolute value of the sum of a number and seven is three less than the number.

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle | x + 7 |\) is the absolute value of \(\displaystyle x+ 7\), which in turn is the sum of a number and  seven and a number. Therefore, \(\displaystyle | x + 7 |\) can be written as "the absolute value of the sum of a number and seven". Since it is equal to \(\displaystyle x - 3\), it is three less than the number, so the equation that corresponds to the sentence is 

"The absolute value of the sum of a number and seven is three less than the number."

Example Question #2 : How To Find Absolute Value

Define \(\displaystyle f(x) = |3x - |x^{2}- 7|\; |\)

Evaluate \(\displaystyle f(2)\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 5\)

\(\displaystyle 9\)

\(\displaystyle 17\)

\(\displaystyle 3\)

None of the other responses is correct.

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 3\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle f(x) = |3x - |x^{2}- 7|\; |\)

\(\displaystyle f(2) = |3 \cdot 2 - |2^{2}- 7|\; |\)

\(\displaystyle = |3 \cdot 2 - |4- 7|\; |\)

\(\displaystyle = |3 \cdot 2 - |-3|\; |\)

\(\displaystyle = |3 \cdot 2 -3 |\)

\(\displaystyle = |6 -3 |\)

\(\displaystyle = | 3 |\)

\(\displaystyle = 3\)

Example Question #1 : How To Find Absolute Value

Define an operation \(\displaystyle \blacktriangledown\) as follows:

For all real numbers \(\displaystyle a,b\),

\(\displaystyle a \blacktriangledown b= \frac{a+1}{\left | a\right |+ \left | b\right |}\)

Evaluate: \(\displaystyle \frac{4}{5} \blacktriangledown \left (-\frac{4}{5} \right )\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 0\)

The expression is undefined.

None of the other responses is correct.

\(\displaystyle \frac{5}{8}\)

\(\displaystyle 1 \frac{1}{8}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 1 \frac{1}{8}\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle a \blacktriangledown b= \frac{a+1}{\left | a\right |+ \left | b\right |}\), or, equivalently,

\(\displaystyle a \blacktriangledown b=\left ( a+1 \right ) \div ( | a |+ | b | )\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{4}{5} \blacktriangledown \left (-\frac{4}{5} \right )=\left ( \frac{4}{5}+1 \right ) \div \left (\left| \frac{4}{5} \right |+ \left |- \frac{4}{5}\right | \right )\)

\(\displaystyle = \frac{9}{5} \div \left ( \frac{4}{5} +\frac{4}{5} \right )\)

\(\displaystyle = \frac{9}{5} \div \frac{8}{5}\)

\(\displaystyle = \frac{9}{5} \times \frac{5}{8}\)

\(\displaystyle = \frac{9}{8}\)

\(\displaystyle =1 \frac{1}{8}\)

Example Question #11 : How To Find Absolute Value

Define \(\displaystyle p(x) = \frac{\left |x+2 \right |-1}{\left |x+1 \right |-2}\).

Evaluate \(\displaystyle p \left (-1 \frac{1}{5} \right )\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 1\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{11}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{1} {9}\)

\(\displaystyle -\frac{1}{11}\)

\(\displaystyle -\frac{1} {9}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{1} {9}\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle p(x) = \frac{\left |x+2 \right |-1}{\left |x+1 \right |-2}\), or, equivalently,

\(\displaystyle p(x) =\left ( \left |x+2 \right |-1 \right ) \div \left ( \left |x+1 \right |-2 \right )\)

\(\displaystyle p\left (-1 \frac{1}{5} \right )=\left ( \left |-1 \frac{1}{5}+2 \right |-1 \right ) \div \left ( \left |-1 \frac{1}{5}+1 \right |-2 \right )\)

\(\displaystyle =\left ( \left | \frac{4}{5} \right |-1 \right ) \div \left ( \left |- \frac{1}{5} \right |-2 \right )\)

\(\displaystyle =\left ( \frac{4}{5} -1 \right ) \div \left ( \frac{1}{5} -2 \right )\)

\(\displaystyle = - \frac{1}{5} \div \left ( - \frac{9}{5} \right )\)

\(\displaystyle = \frac{1}{5} \div \frac{9}{5}\)

\(\displaystyle = \frac{1}{5} \times \frac{5}{9}\)

\(\displaystyle = \frac{1} {9}\)

Example Question #691 : Arithmetic

Define an operation \(\displaystyle \triangleright\) as follows:

For all real numbers \(\displaystyle a,b\),

\(\displaystyle a \triangleright b = \left | a- \frac{1}{2}b\right | + \left | \frac{1}{2} a+b\right |\)

Evaluate \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{3} \triangleright 4\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 2\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 1\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 6\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 5 \frac{5}{6}\)

\(\displaystyle \text{None of the other responses are correct.}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 5 \frac{5}{6}\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle a \triangleright b = \left | a- \frac{1}{2}b\right | + \left | \frac{1}{2} a+b\right |\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{3} \triangleright 4 = \left | \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4\right | + \left | \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{3} +4\right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | \frac{1}{3} - 2\right | + \left | \frac{1}{6} +4\right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | -1 \frac{2}{3} \right | + \left | 4 \frac{1}{6} \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = 1 \frac{2}{3} + 4 \frac{1}{6}\)

\(\displaystyle = 5 \frac{5}{6}\)

Example Question #12 : How To Find Absolute Value

Define \(\displaystyle g(x)= \left | \left | 1,000- \sqrt{x}\right | - x^{3} \right |\).

Evaluate \(\displaystyle g(16)\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 3\textup{,}100\)

\(\displaystyle 5\textup{,}100\)

\(\displaystyle 3\textup{,}092\)

\(\displaystyle 5\textup{,}092\)

\(\displaystyle \textup{The expression is undefined.}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 3\textup{,}100\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle g(x)= \left | \left | 1,000- \sqrt{x}\right | - x^{3} \right |\)

\(\displaystyle g(16)= \left | \left | 1,000- \sqrt{16}\right | - 16^{3} \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | \left | 1,000- 4 \right | - 16^{3} \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | \left | 996 \right | - 16^{3} \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | 996 - 16^{3} \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | 996 - 4,096 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left | -3,100 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle =3,100\)

Example Question #2 : Absolute Value

Define an operation \(\displaystyle \blacklozenge\) as follows:

For all real numbers \(\displaystyle a,b\),

\(\displaystyle a \blacklozenge b = \left | 2a- 2b + 5 \right |\)

Evaluate \(\displaystyle (-4) \blacklozenge (-7)\)

Possible Answers:

Both \(\displaystyle 11\) and \(\displaystyle -11\)

\(\displaystyle 27\)

\(\displaystyle 17\)

\(\displaystyle 11\)

\(\displaystyle -11\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 11\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle a \blacklozenge b = \left | 2a- 2b + 5 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle (-4) \blacklozenge (-7) = \left | 2 (-4)- 2(-7) + 5 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left |-8- (-14) + 5 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left |-8+14 + 5 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = \left |11 \right |\)

\(\displaystyle = 11\)

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