"Omniscient" means having unlimited awareness, so "perceiving all things" is the correct answer. The Latin root "omni-" means all.

"Religious" means related to a religion or related to a belief system that typically involves ritualistic practices.

"False" means not true or correct.

"Omnipotent" means unlimited power.

"Original" means pertaining to the beginning of something.

"Antedeluvian" and "antiquated" have different latin prefixes (ante- meaning before and anti- meaning against). Nevertheless, these words are synonyms referring to a period of time before modernity. "Antiquated" and "antedeluvian" can mean outdated or old-fashioned. The other answer choices do not have this meaning.

The Latin prefix "terra-" means Earth. So, "terrestrial" means of the Earth or related to the Earth. Additionally, "nonchalantly" means done without care or attention; "airborne" means in the air, flying. 

"Contradict" is a verb meaning to deny or be in conflict with. Contra is derived from the Latin root meaning to speak against, so the correct answer will be a synonym meaning to go against. With this in mind, challenge is the correct answer.

“Synthesis” is a noun that means “combination or composition,” and in particular, “the combination of ideas to form a theory or system.” So, we need to pick out an answer choice that means something like “combination.” That means that “dissociation” cannot be the correct answer, because “dissociation” means “the disconnection or separation of something from something else or the state of being disconnected,” making it an antonym, not a synonym, of “synthesis.” “Amalgamation,” however, means “the action, process, or result of combining or uniting,” and because “amalgamation” is the answer choice closest in meaning to “synthesis,” “amalgamation” is the correct answer.

"Amorphous" means without shape or form, so the correct answer is “formless.” For clarification, "shapely" means well-proportioned; "crafty" means sly and sneaky.

"Primitive" means ancient.

"Anonymous" means unnamed or unidentified, so "unnamed" is the correct answer. "Armed" means carrying weapons. "Determined" means intent or set on some course of action. "Crafty" means cunning or tricky. "Deceptive" means misleading or fraudulent.

"Synchronize" is a synonym of "coordinate." "Synchronize" means to make happen or work at the same rate and contains the prefixes "syn-", which means same; together, and "chrono-", which means time.

A "cataclysm" or "catastrophe" is a terrible, often naturally occurring, event. These words are synonymous and share a greek prefix. The other words may have similar spellings, but they are not closely related in meaning to catastrophe.